day46 子查询详解、pymysql模块

一、子查询详解

准备表

#建表
create table dep(
id int,
name varchar(20) 
);

create table emp(
id int primary key auto_increment,
name varchar(20),
sex enum('male','female') not null default 'male',
age int,
dep_id int
);

#插入数据
insert into dep values
(200,'技术'),
(201,'人力资源'),
(202,'销售'),
(203,'运营');

insert into emp(name,sex,age,dep_id) values
('egon','male',18,200),
('alex','female',48,201),
('wupeiqi','male',38,201),
('yuanhao','female',28,202),
('liwenzhou','male',18,200),
('jingliyang','female',18,204)
;


#查看表结构和数据
mysql> desc dep;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

mysql> desc emp;
+--------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | enum('male','female') | NO | | male | |
| age | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| dep_id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
+--------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

mysql> select * from dep;
+------+--------------+
| id | name |
+------+--------------+
| 200 | 技术 |
| 201 | 人力资源 |
| 202 | 销售 |
| 203 | 运营 |
+------+--------------+

mysql> select * from emp;
+----+------------+--------+------+--------+
| id | name | sex | age | dep_id |
+----+------------+--------+------+--------+
| 1 | egon | male | 18 | 200 |
| 2 | alex | female | 48 | 201 |
| 3 | wupeiqi | male | 38 | 201 |
| 4 | yuanhao | female | 28 | 202 |
| 5 | liwenzhou | male | 18 | 200 |
| 6 | jingliyang | female | 18 | 204 |
+----+------------+--------+------+--------+

表dep与emp

1.1、子查询in

select * from emp where age=18 or age=38 or age=28;
select * from emp where age in (18,38,28);

# 子查询的思路
select * from emp where dep_id in
(select id from dep where name="技术" or name="销售");

# 链表的思路
select * from emp inner join dep
on emp.dep_id = dep.id
where dep.name in ("技术","销售");

not in不支持null

mysql> select * from dep;
+------+--------------+
| id   | name         |
+------+--------------+
|  200 | 技术         |
|  201 | 人力资源     |
|  202 | 销售         |
|  203 | 运营         |
+------+--------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into emp values(7,'lili','female',48,null);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> select * from emp
    -> ;
+----+------------+--------+------+--------+
| id | name       | sex    | age  | dep_id |
+----+------------+--------+------+--------+
|  1 | egon       | male   |   18 |    200 |
|  2 | alex       | female |   48 |    201 |
|  3 | wupeiqi    | male   |   38 |    201 |
|  4 | yuanhao    | female |   28 |    202 |
|  5 | liwenzhou  | male   |   18 |    200 |
|  6 | jingliyang | female |   18 |    204 |
|  7 | lili       | female |   48 |   NULL |
+----+------------+--------+------+--------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

*例

查询出有员工的部门，
select * from dep where id in
(select distinct dep_id from emp);

查询出没有员工的部门，
select * from dep where id not in
(select distinct dep_id from emp);


select * from dep where id not in
(select distinct dep_id from emp where dep_id is not null);

1.2、子查询any和all

# any后也跟子查询语句，与in不一样的地方在哪里
#   in (子查询语句)
#   in (值1,值2,值3)
#   而any只能跟子查询语句
#   any必须跟比较运算符配合使用

select * from emp where dep_id in
(select id from dep where name in ("技术","人力资源"));

select * from emp where dep_id = any
(select id from dep where name in ("技术","人力资源"));


select * from emp where dep_id not in
(select id from dep where name in ("技术","人力资源"));

select * from emp where ! (dep_id = any(select id from dep where name in ("技术","人力资源")));


查询出那些薪资比所有部门的平均薪资都高的员工=》薪资在所有部门平均线以上的狗币资本家
select * from employee where salary > all
(select avg(salary) from employee where depart_id is not null group by depart_id);

查询出那些薪资比所有部门的平均薪资都低的员工=》薪资在所有部门平均线以下的无产阶级劳苦大众
select * from employee where salary < all
(select avg(salary) from employee where depart_id is not null group by depart_id);

查询出那些薪资比任意一个部门的平均薪资高的员工=》薪资在任一部门平均线以上的员工
select * from employee where salary > any
(select avg(salary) from employee where depart_id is not null group by depart_id);


select * from employee where salary < any
(select avg(salary) from employee where depart_id is not null group by depart_id);

1.3、子查询exists

# exists  vs in
# in的效果 高于 exists
# 见博客：https://www.cnblogs.com/linhaifeng/articles/7267596.html#_label4

select * from 表1 where exists (select * from 表2);

# 例如：查询有员工的部门=》
select * from dep where exists (select * from emp where dep.id=emp.dep_id);


# not exists的效果 高于 not in
select * from dep where not exists (select * from emp where 203=emp.dep_id);



# 例：查询选修了所有课程的学生id、name:

# 实现方式一：选修了三门课程的学生就是选修了所有课程的学生
select s.id,s.name from student as s inner join student2course as sc
on s.id = sc.sid
group by sc.sid
having count(sc.cid) = (select count(id) from course);

# 实现方式二：找到这样的学生，该学生不存在没有选修过的课程
select * from student as s where not exists (
    select * from course as c not exists (
        select * from student2course as sc where sc.sid = s.id and sc.cid = c.id
    )
);


select * from student as s where not exists (
    select * from course as c where not exists (
        select * from student2course as sc where sc.sid = s.id and sc.cid = c.id
    )
);



学生记录可以过滤出来，一定是子查询内没有记录

for 学生: # s.id=2
    for 课程: # c.id=1
        for 学生2课程: # sc.sid = 2 and sc.cid = 1
            pass

==================================
for sid in [1,2,3,4]:
    for cid in [1,2,3]:
        (sid,cid)


最外层循环一次
# (1,1)
# (1,2)
# (1,3)
最外层循环二次
# (2,1)
# (2,2)
# (2,3)
最外层循环三次
# (3,1)
# (3,2)
# (3,3)
最外层循环四次
# (4,1)
# (4,2)
# (4,3)

===================================
# 例2、查询没有选择所有课程的学生，即没有全选的学生。=》找出这样的学生，存在没有选修过的课程
select * from student as s where exists (
    select * from course as c where not exists (
        select * from student2course as sc where sc.sid = s.id and sc.cid = c.id
    )
);

# 例3、查询一门课也没有选的学生=》找出这样的学生，不存在选修过的课程
select * from student as s where not exists (
    select * from course as c where exists (
        select * from student2course as sc where sc.sid = s.id and sc.cid = c.id
    )
);

# 例4、查询至少选修了一门课程的学生=》找出这样的学生，存在选修过课程
select * from student as s where exists (
    select * from course as c where exists (
        select * from student2course as sc where sc.sid = s.id and sc.cid = c.id
    )
);

二、pymysql模块

#安装
pip3 install pymysql

2.1、 链接、执行sql、关闭（游标）

import pymysql
user=input('用户名: ').strip()
pwd=input('密码: ').strip()

#链接
conn=pymysql.connect(host='localhost',user='root',password='123',database='egon',charset='utf8')
#游标
cursor=conn.cursor() #执行完毕返回的结果集默认以元组显示
#cursor=conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)


#执行sql语句
sql='select * from userinfo where name="%s" and password="%s"' %(user,pwd) #注意%s需要加引号
print(sql)
res=cursor.execute(sql) #执行sql语句，返回sql查询成功的记录数目
print(res)

cursor.close()
conn.close()

if res:
    print('登录成功')
else:
    print('登录失败')

2.2、增、删、改：conn.commit()

import pymysql  # pip3 install pymysql

conn = pymysql.connect(host="127.0.0.1", port=3306, user="root", password="123", db="db13", charset="utf8mb4")
cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)

# 记录=》增删改
# cursor.execute("insert into student values(%s,%s)",[5,'kkk'])
# cursor.executemany("insert into student values(%s,%s)",[(6,'xxx'),(7,'yyy'),(8,'zzzz')])

cursor.execute("insert into student(name) values(%s)",['zzz'])
print(cursor.lastrowid)

# cursor.execute("delete from student where id > 6;")

# 记录=》查
# rows = cursor.execute('select * from student;')
# print(rows)

# line = cursor.fetchone()
# print(line)
# line = cursor.fetchone()
# print(line)
#
# lines = cursor.fetchmany(2)
# print(lines)
# lines = cursor.fetchall()
# print(lines)

# for line in cursor:
#     print(line)


# cursor.scroll(3,mode='absolute')  # 相对绝对位置移动
# print(cursor.fetchone())
# print(cursor.fetchall())
# cursor.scroll(0,mode='absolute')  # 相对绝对位置移动
# print(cursor.fetchall())


# cursor.fetchone()
# cursor.scroll(1,mode='relative') # 相对当前位置移动
# cursor.scroll(0,mode='absolute') # 相对当前位置移动
# print(cursor.fetchone())

conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()