Blockchain Nanodegree 预修知识之二：Full Stack Foundations (3)-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/xiaozhenliu/article/details/84192933

Lesson 3: Developing with frameworks

Overview

Frameworks
databse
Templates
url_for
forms
message
flashing
JSON
Styling

Flask: First App

A quick tutorial on decorators:

http://simeonfranklin.com/blog/2012/jul/1/python-decorators-in-12-steps/

from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
@app.route('/hello')
def HelloWorld():
    return "Hello World"

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.debug = True
    app.run(host = '0.0.0.0', port = 5000)

Adding Database

from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
form database_setup import Base, Restaurant, MenuItem

engine = create_engine('sqlite:///restaurantmenu.db')
Base.metadata.bind = engine

DBSession = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
session = DBSession()

@app.route('/')
@app.route('/hello')
def HelloWorld():
    restaurant = session.query(Restaurant).first()
    items = session.query(MenuItem).filter_by(restaurant_id = restaurant.id)
    output = ''
    for i in items:
        output += i.name
        output += '</br>'
    return output

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.debug = True
    app.run(host = '0.0.0.0', port = 5000)

Note: before doing these, you need to have database_setup.py and lotsofmenus.py in your folder and run them.

Routing

Flask Documentation on Routing : http://flask.pocoo.org/docs/0.10/quickstart/#routing>

@app.route('/restaurants/<int:restaurant_id>/')

Designing routes with flask

Download the starter template for this code in the instructor notes. Note that there are functions called newMenuItem, editMenuItem, and deleteMenuItem with the parameters they each take in.

Write the appropriate route decorators to properly execute these functions.

The template code:

https://github.com/udacity/Full-Stack-Foundations/blob/master/Lesson-3/05_Routing-Create-Quiz-Template-Code/project.py

Templates

Rendering templates

render_templete(templateName.html, variable = keyword)

https://github.com/udacity/Full-Stack-Foundations/blob/master/Lesson-3/07_Menu-Template-Quiz/menu.html

<html>

<body>

<h1>{{restaurant.name}}</h1>


{% for i in items %}

<div>

<p>{{i.name}}</p>

<p>{{i.description}}</p>

<p> {{i.price}} </p>

</div>


{% endfor %}
</body>

</html>

Resources

HTML Character Escaping is a way of writing special characters inside of HTML code.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML#Character_and_entity_references

Generate URL

...
<a href='{{url_for('editMenuItem', restaurant_id = restaurant.id, menu_id = i.id) }}'>Edit</a>

</br>
<a href = '{{url_for('deleteMenuItem', restaurant_id = restaurant.id, menu_id = i.id ) }}'>Delete</a>
...

Form Requests and Redirects

# Task 1: Create route for newMenuItem function
@app.route('/restaurants/<int:restaurant_id>/new', methods = ['GET', 'post'])
def newMenuItem(restaurant_id):
    return "page to create a new menu item. Task 1 complete!"

# Task 2: Create route for editMenuItem function here
@app.route('/restaurant/<int:restaurant_id>/<int:menu_id>/edit/')
def editMenuItem(restaurant_id, menu_id):
    return "page to edit a new menu item. Task 2 complete!"

# Task 3: Create a route for deleteMenuItem function here
@app.route('('/restaurant/<int:restaurant_id>/<int:menu_id>/delete/'')
def deleteMenuItem(restaurant_id, menu_id):
    return "page to delete a new menu item. Task 3 complete!"

newmenuitem.html

<html>
<body>
<h1> New Menu Item </h1>

<form action="{{url_for('newMenuItem', restaurant_id=restaurant_id )}}" method = 'POST'>

<p>Name:</p>

<input type='text' size='30' name='name'>

<input type='submit' value='Create'>

</form>

</body>
</html>

Task 1 newMenuItem

from flask import Flask, render_templete, request, redirect, url_for
...

# Task 1: 
...
def newMenuItem(restaurant_id):
    if request.method == 'POST':
		newItem = MenuItem(name = request.form['name'], restaurant_id = restaurant_id)
    	session.add(newItem)
    	session.commit()
    	return redirect(url_for('restaurantMenu', restaurant_id = restaurant_id))
    else:
        return render_templete('newMenuitem.html', restaurant_id = restaurant_id)

Task 2 editMenuItem

# Taks 2:
...
def editMenuItem(restaurant_id, menu_id):
    if

Task 3 deleteMenuItem

# Task 3:
...
def deleteMenuItem(restaurant_id, menu_id):
	if

Message Flashing

Message flashing is a feature that will prompt a message to the user immediately, after a certain action has taken place, and then disappear the next time the page is requested.

from flask import Flask, render_templete, request, redirect, url_for

...

flash()

if__name__ == '__main__':
    app.secret_key = 'super_secret_key'
    app.debug = True
    app.run(host = '0.0.0.0', port =5000)

in the html file, add with messages

...
<body>
    <h1>{{ restaurant.name }}</h1h1>
    		{% with messages = get_flashed_messages() %}
    	{% if messages %}
    	<ul>
            {% for massage in messages %}
            	<li> <strong> {{ message}} </strong> </li>
            {% endfor %}
    	</ul>
    	{% endif %}
    {% endwith %}
    
    ...

Styling

CSS file:

https://github.com/udacity/Full-Stack-Foundations/tree/master/Lesson-3/18_Styling

JSON

API: Application Programming Interface

RESTful: Representational State Transfer

JSON: JavaScript Object Notation

from flask import jsonify

Making and API Endpoint (GET Request)

@app.route('/restaurants/<int:restaurant_id>/menu/JSON')
def restaurantMenuJSON(restaurant_id):
    restaurant = session.query(Restaurant).filter_by(id  = restaurant_id).one()
    item = session.query(MenuItem).filter_by(restaurant_id = restaurant_id).all()
    return jsonify(MenuItems = [i.serialize for i in items])