用asio库做一个简易聊天室

chat_server服务器代码：

#include <algorithm>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <deque>
#include <iostream>
#include <list>
#include <set>
#include <boost/bind/bind.hpp>
#include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>
#include <boost/enable_shared_from_this.hpp>
#include <boost/asio.hpp>
#include "chat_message.hpp"

using boost::asio::ip::tcp;

//----------------------------------------------------------------------

typedef std::deque<chat_message> chat_message_queue;

//----------------------------------------------------------------------

class chat_participant
{
public:
  virtual ~chat_participant() {}
  virtual void deliver(const chat_message& msg) = 0;
};

typedef boost::shared_ptr<chat_participant> chat_participant_ptr;

//----------------------------------------------------------------------

class chat_room
{
public:
  void join(chat_participant_ptr participant)
  {
    participants_.insert(participant);
    std::for_each(recent_msgs_.begin(), recent_msgs_.end(),
        boost::bind(&chat_participant::deliver,
          participant, boost::placeholders::_1));
  }

  void leave(chat_participant_ptr participant)
  {
    participants_.erase(participant);
  }

  void deliver(const chat_message& msg)
  {
    recent_msgs_.push_back(msg);
    while (recent_msgs_.size() > max_recent_msgs)
      recent_msgs_.pop_front();

    std::for_each(participants_.begin(), participants_.end(),
        boost::bind(&chat_participant::deliver,
          boost::placeholders::_1, boost::ref(msg)));
  }

private:
  std::set<chat_participant_ptr> participants_;
  enum { max_recent_msgs = 100 };
  chat_message_queue recent_msgs_;
};

//----------------------------------------------------------------------

class chat_session
  : public chat_participant,
    public boost::enable_shared_from_this<chat_session>
{
public:
  chat_session(boost::asio::io_context& io_context, chat_room& room)
    : socket_(io_context),
      room_(room)
  {
  }

  tcp::socket& socket()
  {
    return socket_;
  }

  void start()
  {
    room_.join(shared_from_this());
    boost::asio::async_read(socket_,
        boost::asio::buffer(read_msg_.data(), chat_message::header_length),
        boost::bind(
          &chat_session::handle_read_header, shared_from_this(),
          boost::asio::placeholders::error));
  }

  void deliver(const chat_message& msg)
  {
    bool write_in_progress = !write_msgs_.empty();
    write_msgs_.push_back(msg);
    if (!write_in_progress)
    {
      boost::asio::async_write(socket_,
          boost::asio::buffer(write_msgs_.front().data(),
            write_msgs_.front().length()),
          boost::bind(&chat_session::handle_write, shared_from_this(),
            boost::asio::placeholders::error));
    }
  }

  void handle_read_header(const boost::system::error_code& error)
  {
    if (!error && read_msg_.decode_header())
    {
      boost::asio::async_read(socket_,
          boost::asio::buffer(read_msg_.body(), read_msg_.body_length()),
          boost::bind(&chat_session::handle_read_body, shared_from_this(),
            boost::asio::placeholders::error));
    }
    else
    {
      room_.leave(shared_from_this());
    }
  }

  void handle_read_body(const boost::system::error_code& error)
  {
    if (!error)
    {
      room_.deliver(read_msg_);
      boost::asio::async_read(socket_,
          boost::asio::buffer(read_msg_.data(), chat_message::header_length),
          boost::bind(&chat_session::handle_read_header, shared_from_this(),
            boost::asio::placeholders::error));
    }
    else
    {
      room_.leave(shared_from_this());
    }
  }

  void handle_write(const boost::system::error_code& error)
  {
    if (!error)
    {
      write_msgs_.pop_front();
      if (!write_msgs_.empty())
      {
        boost::asio::async_write(socket_,
            boost::asio::buffer(write_msgs_.front().data(),
              write_msgs_.front().length()),
            boost::bind(&chat_session::handle_write, shared_from_this(),
              boost::asio::placeholders::error));
      }
    }
    else
    {
      room_.leave(shared_from_this());
    }
  }

private:
  tcp::socket socket_;
  chat_room& room_;
  chat_message read_msg_;
  chat_message_queue write_msgs_;
};

typedef boost::shared_ptr<chat_session> chat_session_ptr;

//----------------------------------------------------------------------

class chat_server
{
public:
  chat_server(boost::asio::io_context& io_context,
      const tcp::endpoint& endpoint)
    : io_context_(io_context),
      acceptor_(io_context, endpoint)
  {
    start_accept();
  }

  void start_accept()
  {
    chat_session_ptr new_session(new chat_session(io_context_, room_));
    acceptor_.async_accept(new_session->socket(),
        boost::bind(&chat_server::handle_accept, this, new_session,
          boost::asio::placeholders::error));
  }

  void handle_accept(chat_session_ptr session,
      const boost::system::error_code& error)
  {
    if (!error)
    {
      session->start();
    }

    start_accept();
  }

private:
  boost::asio::io_context& io_context_;
  tcp::acceptor acceptor_;
  chat_room room_;
};

typedef boost::shared_ptr<chat_server> chat_server_ptr;
typedef std::list<chat_server_ptr> chat_server_list;

//----------------------------------------------------------------------

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
  try
  {
    if (argc < 2)
    {
      std::cerr << "Usage: chat_server <port> [<port> ...]\n";
      return 1;
    }

    boost::asio::io_context io_context;

    chat_server_list servers;
    for (int i = 1; i < argc; ++i)
    {
      using namespace std; // For atoi.
      tcp::endpoint endpoint(tcp::v4(), atoi(argv[i]));
      chat_server_ptr server(new chat_server(io_context, endpoint));
      servers.push_back(server);
    }

    io_context.run();
  }
  catch (std::exception& e)
  {
    std::cerr << "Exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
  }

  return 0;
}

chat_client客户端代码

#include <cstdlib>
#include <deque>
#include <iostream>
#include <boost/bind/bind.hpp>
#include <boost/asio.hpp>
#include <boost/thread/thread.hpp>
#include "chat_message.hpp"

using boost::asio::ip::tcp;

typedef std::deque<chat_message> chat_message_queue;

class chat_client
{
public:
  chat_client(boost::asio::io_context& io_context,
      const tcp::resolver::results_type& endpoints)
    : io_context_(io_context),
      socket_(io_context)
  {
    boost::asio::async_connect(socket_, endpoints,
        boost::bind(&chat_client::handle_connect, this,
          boost::asio::placeholders::error));
  }

  void write(const chat_message& msg)
  {
    boost::asio::post(io_context_,
        boost::bind(&chat_client::do_write, this, msg));
  }

  void close()
  {
    boost::asio::post(io_context_,
        boost::bind(&chat_client::do_close, this));
  }

private:

  void handle_connect(const boost::system::error_code& error)
  {
    if (!error)
    {
      boost::asio::async_read(socket_,
          boost::asio::buffer(read_msg_.data(), chat_message::header_length),
          boost::bind(&chat_client::handle_read_header, this,
            boost::asio::placeholders::error));
    }
  }

  void handle_read_header(const boost::system::error_code& error)
  {
    if (!error && read_msg_.decode_header())
    {
      boost::asio::async_read(socket_,
          boost::asio::buffer(read_msg_.body(), read_msg_.body_length()),
          boost::bind(&chat_client::handle_read_body, this,
            boost::asio::placeholders::error));
    }
    else
    {
      do_close();
    }
  }

  void handle_read_body(const boost::system::error_code& error)
  {
    if (!error)
    {
      std::cout.write(read_msg_.body(), read_msg_.body_length());
      std::cout << "\n";
      boost::asio::async_read(socket_,
          boost::asio::buffer(read_msg_.data(), chat_message::header_length),
          boost::bind(&chat_client::handle_read_header, this,
            boost::asio::placeholders::error));
    }
    else
    {
      do_close();
    }
  }

  void do_write(chat_message msg)
  {
    bool write_in_progress = !write_msgs_.empty();
    write_msgs_.push_back(msg);
    if (!write_in_progress)
    {
      boost::asio::async_write(socket_,
          boost::asio::buffer(write_msgs_.front().data(),
            write_msgs_.front().length()),
          boost::bind(&chat_client::handle_write, this,
            boost::asio::placeholders::error));
    }
  }

  void handle_write(const boost::system::error_code& error)
  {
    if (!error)
    {
      write_msgs_.pop_front();
      if (!write_msgs_.empty())
      {
        boost::asio::async_write(socket_,
            boost::asio::buffer(write_msgs_.front().data(),
              write_msgs_.front().length()),
            boost::bind(&chat_client::handle_write, this,
              boost::asio::placeholders::error));
      }
    }
    else
    {
      do_close();
    }
  }

  void do_close()
  {
    socket_.close();
  }

private:
  boost::asio::io_context& io_context_;
  tcp::socket socket_;
  chat_message read_msg_;
  chat_message_queue write_msgs_;
};

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
  try
  {
    if (argc != 3)
    {
      std::cerr << "Usage: chat_client <host> <port>\n";
      return 1;
    }

    boost::asio::io_context io_context;

    tcp::resolver resolver(io_context);
    tcp::resolver::results_type endpoints = resolver.resolve(argv[1], argv[2]);

    chat_client c(io_context, endpoints);

    boost::thread t(boost::bind(&boost::asio::io_context::run, &io_context));

    char line[chat_message::max_body_length + 1];
    while (std::cin.getline(line, chat_message::max_body_length + 1))
    {
      using namespace std; // For strlen and memcpy.
      chat_message msg;
      msg.body_length(strlen(line));
      memcpy(msg.body(), line, msg.body_length());
      msg.encode_header();
      c.write(msg);
    }

    c.close();
    t.join();
  }
  catch (std::exception& e)
  {
    std::cerr << "Exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
  }

  return 0;
}

chat_message代码，用户封装发送消息，同时处理粘包的问题

#ifndef CHAT_MESSAGE_HPP
#define CHAT_MESSAGE_HPP

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>

class chat_message
{
public:
  enum
  {
    header_length = 4,
    max_body_length = 512
  };

  chat_message()
    : body_length_(0)
  {
  }

  const char* data() const
  {
    return data_;
  }

  char* data()
  {
    return data_;
  }

  size_t length() const
  {
    return header_length + body_length_;
  }

  const char* body() const
  {
    return data_ + header_length;
  }

  char* body()
  {
    return data_ + header_length;
  }

  size_t body_length() const
  {
    return body_length_;
  }

  void body_length(size_t new_length)
  {
    body_length_ = new_length;
    if (body_length_ > max_body_length)
      body_length_ = max_body_length;
  }

  bool decode_header()
  {
    using namespace std; // For strncat and atoi.
    char header[header_length + 1] = "";
    strncat(header, data_, header_length);
    body_length_ = atoi(header);
    if (body_length_ > max_body_length)
    {
      body_length_ = 0;
      return false;
    }
    return true;
  }

  void encode_header()
  {
    using namespace std; // For sprintf and memcpy.
    char header[header_length + 1] = "";
    sprintf(header, "%4d", static_cast<int>(body_length_));
    memcpy(data_, header, header_length);
  }

private:
  char data_[header_length + max_body_length];
  size_t body_length_;
};

#endif // CHAT_MESSAGE_HPP

示例代码参考boost聊天室代码，实际使用可在此基础上修改和新增功能。