下面是在PyTorch中实现shortcut连接的代码示例：
```python
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
class ResidualBlock(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, stride=1):
super(ResidualBlock, self).__init__()
self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=3, stride=stride, padding=1, bias=False)
self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels)
self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(out_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1, bias=False)
self.bn2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels)
self.shortcut = nn.Sequential()
if stride != 1 or in_channels != out_channels:
self.shortcut = nn.Sequential(
nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=1, stride=stride, bias=False),
nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels)
)
def forward(self, x):
residual = self.shortcut(x)
out = self.conv1(x)
out = self.bn1(out)
out = self.relu(out)
out = self.conv2(out)
out = self.bn2(out)
out += residual
out = self.relu(out)
return out
class ResNet(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, block, layers, num_classes=10):
super(ResNet, self).__init__()
self.in_channels = 64
self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1, bias=False)
self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(64)
self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
self.layer1 = self.make_layer(block, 64, layers[0], stride=1)
self.layer2 = self.make_layer(block, 128, layers[1], stride=2)
self.layer3 = self.make_layer(block, 256, layers[2], stride=2)
self.layer4 = self.make_layer(block, 512, layers[3], stride=2)
self.avg_pool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d((1, 1))
self.fc = nn.Linear(512, num_classes)
def make_layer(self, block, out_channels, blocks, stride=1):
layers = []
layers.append(block(self.in_channels, out_channels, stride))
self.in_channels = out_channels
for i in range(1, blocks):
layers.append(block(out_channels, out_channels))
return nn.Sequential(*layers)
def forward(self, x):
out = self.conv1(x)
out = self.bn1(out)
out = self.relu(out)
out = self.layer1(out)
out = self.layer2(out)
out = self.layer3(out)
out = self.layer4(out)
out = self.avg_pool(out)
out = out.view(out.size(0), -1)
out = self.fc(out)
return out
```
上述代码实现了一个ResNet模型，其中包含多个残差块（ResidualBlock），每个残差块都包含一个shortcut连接。在实现中，如果残差块的输入和输出维度不一致，就需要使用一个1x1的卷积层将输入数据的维度调整为与输出数据相同。具体来说，在ResidualBlock的构造函数中，如果stride不为1或者输入通道数不等于输出通道数，则创建一个shortcut层，这个shortcut层包含一个1x1的卷积层和一个批归一化层。在ResidualBlock的前向传播函数中，将shortcut层的输出直接加到卷积层的输出上，从而实现了shortcut连接。
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