嵌入式支持systemd作为init_manager

背景：
        嵌入式linux通常使用busybox或者sysvinit作为init启动管理单元，我们探索嵌入式linux支持systemd。

环境：
        基于项目linux-ps项目（linux-ps · GitCode），在meta-ls（自建demo层）中添加自己的内核编译bb文件。

实现:

       1. 在local.conf中添加信息：

diff --git a/configs/qemuarm64/local.conf b/configs/qemuarm64/local.conf
index 48840db..b44c41d 100755
--- a/configs/qemuarm64/local.conf
+++ b/configs/qemuarm64/local.conf
@@ -273,3 +273,12 @@ PACKAGECONFIG:append:pn-qemu-system-native = " sdl"
 # track the version of this file when it was generated. This can safely be ignored if
 # this doesn't mean anything to you.
 CONF_VERSION = "2"
+
+#使用systemd udev
+PREFERRED_PROVIDER_udev ?= "systemd"
+PREFERRED_PROVIDER_udev-utils ?= "systemd"
+#使用systemd作为init_manager
+VIRTUAL-RUNTIME_init_manager = "systemd"
+VIRTUAL-RUNTIME_initscripts = ""
+
+DISTRO_FEATURES = "systemd"

2.修改qemuarm64（额外，与systemd无关）

--- a/conf/machine/qemuarm64.conf
+++ b/conf/machine/qemuarm64.conf
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ SERIAL_CONSOLES_CHECK = "${SERIAL_CONSOLES}"
 QB_SYSTEM_NAME = "qemu-system-aarch64"
 QB_MACHINE = "-machine virt"
 QB_CPU = "-cpu cortex-a57"
-QB_SMP = "-smp 4"
+QB_SMP = "-smp 8"^M
 QB_CPU_KVM = "-cpu host -machine gic-version=3"
 # For graphics to work we need to define the VGA device as well as the necessary USB devices
 QB_GRAPHICS = "-device virtio-gpu-pci"
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ QB_ROOTFS_OPT = "-drive id=disk0,file=@ROOTFS@,if=none,format=raw -device virtio
 QB_SERIAL_OPT = "-device virtio-serial-device -chardev null,id=virtcon -device virtconsole,chardev=virtcon"
 QB_TCPSERIAL_OPT = "-device virtio-serial-device -chardev socket,id=virtcon,port=@PORT@,host=127.0.0.1 -device virtconsole,chardev=virtcon"

+QB_MEM = "-m 1024"^M

 PREFERRED_PROVIDER_virtual/kernel = "linux-kernel"

@@ -36,4 +37,4 @@ DISTRO_FEATURES:remove = " sysvinit"
 VIRTUAL-RUNTIME_init_manager = "systemd"
 DISTRO_FEATURES = "systemd"

-IMAGE_INSTALL += "packagegroup-core-boot     packagegroup-base-extended  kernel-module-hello "
+IMAGE_INSTALL += "packagegroup-core-boot     packagegroup-base-extended systemd-analyze  kernel-module-hello "

完成编译：

        启动qemuarm64.

 runqemu qemuarm64 nographic
runqemu - INFO - Running /home/samba_shar/work/linux-ps1/build/tmp/work/x86_64-linux/qemu-helper-native/1.0-r1/recipe-sysroot-native/usr/bin/qemu-system-aarch64 -device virtio-net-device,netdev=net0,mac=52:54:00:12:34:02 -netdev tap,id=net0,ifname=tap0,script=no,downscript=no -object rng-random,filename=/dev/urandom,id=rng0 -device virtio-rng-pci,rng=rng0 -drive id=disk0,file=/home/samba_shar/work/linux-ps1/build/tmp/deploy/images/qemuarm64/core-image-base-qemuarm64-20231101140625.rootfs.ext4,if=none,format=raw -device virtio-blk-device,drive=disk0 -device qemu-xhci -device usb-tablet -device usb-kbd  -machine virt -cpu cortex-a57 -smp 8 -m 1024 -serial mon:stdio -serial null -nographic -device virtio-gpu-pci -kernel /home/samba_shar/work/linux-ps1/build/tmp/deploy/images/qemuarm64/Image--5.10-rc7-r0-qemuarm64-20231101133345.bin -append 'root=/dev/vda rw  mem=1024M ip=192.168.7.2::192.168.7.1:255.255.255.0 console=ttyAMA0 console=hvc0  '

        进入命令行：

root@qemuarm64:~# ls -l /sbin/init
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            22 Mar  9  2018 /sbin/init -> ../lib/systemd/systemd

确认已转为systemd方式启动，查看信息。

root@qemuarm64:~# systemd-analyze blame
2.888s dev-vda.device
2.404s systemd-udev-trigger.service
1.607s systemd-timesyncd.service
1.481s systemd-networkd.service
1.243s systemd-resolved.service
1.164s systemd-journald.service
1.023s modprobe@drm.service
 992ms dev-mqueue.mount
 987ms sys-kernel-debug.mount
 986ms modprobe@fuse.service
 965ms sys-kernel-tracing.mount
 959ms tmp.mount
 932ms modprobe@configfs.service
 876ms systemd-sysctl.service
 782ms systemd-remount-fs.service
 759ms systemd-logind.service
 559ms psplash-start.service
 499ms systemd-udevd.service
 491ms systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service
 311ms systemd-update-utmp.service
 291ms systemd-journal-flush.service
 284ms systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev.service
 276ms systemd-random-seed.service
 176ms var-volatile.mount
 125ms systemd-update-utmp-runlevel.service