Django系列4：数据常规操作级联数据

最新推荐文章于 2020-11-30 01:20:19 发布

xidianzxm

最新推荐文章于 2020-11-30 01:20:19 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/xidianzxm/article/details/104205536

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Mysql使用

mysql> create database HelloDjango charset=utf8;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

安装pymysql

pip install pymysql -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple
(venv) MacBookPro:HelloDjango zhangxm$ pip install pymysql
Collecting pymysql
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ed/39/15045ae46f2a123019aa968dfcba0396c161c20f855f11dea6796bcaae95/PyMySQL-0.9.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (47kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 51kB 196kB/s 
Installing collected packages: pymysql
Successfully installed pymysql-0.9.3
WARNING: You are using pip version 19.3.1; however, version 20.0.2 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.

安装上以后系统仍然是不认这个库的，pymysql伪装成mysqlclient
比较常用的伪装写在程序的__init__.py中

import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

Django - installing mysqlclient error: mysqlclient 1.3.13 or newer is required; you have 0.9.3

##解决方法 仍然使用pymysql
1 )配置文件的目录中_init_.py中有如下代码

import pymysql

pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()    # 这是一个hack，为了在Djano中替代默认的mysqlclient。mysqlclient官方描述：This is a fork of MySQLdb1
2) 点进去install_as_MySQLdb
找到version_info变量，改成

version_info = (1, 3, 13, "final", 0)
3) 改变django.db.backends.mysql.operations.py的一行代码

query = query.decode(errors='replace') -> query = query.encode(errors='replace')
原因：mysqlclient returns bytes object, PyMySQL returns str object
参考：https://github.com/PyMySQL/PyMySQL/issues/790#issuecomment-484201388

python manage.py startapp Three

想要承认项目的存在，更改project settings文件：

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'App',
    'Two',
    'Three'
    # 'Three.apps.ThreeConfig' #1.9之后可以这样写

]

然后写Three里的路由规则

新建urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url

from Three import views

urlpatterns = [
    url('^index/', views.index),
]

views.py

from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render

# Create your views here.
from django.template import loader


def index(request):

    three_index = loader.get_template("three_index.html")

    context ={"student_name": '张三'

    }

    #有渲染，解析渲染引擎表达式的作用,如果不需要这些，直接open也可以
    result = three_index.render(context=context)

    print(result)


    return HttpResponse(result)

Three->>templates->>index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Three_Index</title>
</head>
<body>

<h2>Three Index</h2>

{{ student_name }}

</body>
</html>

定义模型

python shell

关联（学生-班级）

model.py

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
class Grade(models.Model):
    g_name = models.CharField(max_length=32)




class Student(models.Model):
    s_name = models.CharField(max_length=16)

    # django 升级到2.0之后,表与表之间关联的时候,必须要写on_delete参数,否则会报异常:
    # TypeError: init() missing 1 required positional argument: ‘on_delete’
    s_grade = models.ForeignKey(Grade,on_delete=models.CASCADE)

'''
    on_delete=None,               # 删除关联表中的数据时,当前表与其关联的field的行为
    on_delete=models.CASCADE,     # 删除关联数据,与之关联也删除
    on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING,  # 删除关联数据,什么也不做
    on_delete=models.PROTECT,     # 删除关联数据,引发错误ProtectedError
    # models.ForeignKey('关联表', on_delete=models.SET_NULL, blank=True, null=True)
    on_delete=models.SET_NULL,    # 删除关联数据,与之关联的值设置为null（前提FK字段需要设置为可空,一对一同理）
    # models.ForeignKey('关联表', on_delete=models.SET_DEFAULT, default='默认值')
    on_delete=models.SET_DEFAULT, # 删除关联数据,与之关联的值设置为默认值（前提FK字段需要设置默认值,一对一同理）
    on_delete=models.SET,         # 删除关联数据,
     a. 与之关联的值设置为指定值,设置：models.SET(值)
     b. 与之关联的值设置为可执行对象的返回值,设置：models.SET(可执行对象)
'''

DDL python magange.py makemigrations, migrate

-- auto-generated definition
create table Three_grade
(
  id     int auto_increment
    primary key,
  g_name varchar(32) not null
);


create table Three_student
(
  id         int auto_increment
    primary key,
  s_name     varchar(16) not null,
  s_grade_id int         not null,
  constraint Three_student_s_grade_id_ffbb8485_fk_Three_grade_id
  foreign key (s_grade_id) references hellodjango.Three_grade (id)
);

Three->>templates-->student_three_list.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Students List</title>
</head>
<body>

<ul>
    {% for student in students %}
    <li>{{ student.s_name }}</li>
    {% endfor %}
    
</ul>

</body>
</html>

views.html

from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render

# Create your views here.
from django.template import loader

from Three.models import Student, Grade


def index(request):

    three_index = loader.get_template("three_index.html")

    context ={"student_name": '张三'

    }

    #有渲染，解析渲染引擎表达式的作用,如果不需要这些，直接open也可以
    result = three_index.render(context=context)

    print(result)


    return HttpResponse(result)

#多获取1
def get_grade(request):

    student = Student.objects.get(pk=1)
    grade= student.s_grade


    return HttpResponse("Grade %s",grade.g_name)


 #一获取多
def get_students(request):

    grade = Grade.objects.get(pk=1)

    students = grade.student_set.all()

    context = {
        "students":students
    }
    return render(request, "students_three_list.html", context=context)

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Django系列4：数据常规操作级联数据

PPTMysql使用mysql> create database HelloDjango charset=utf8;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)安装pymysqlpip install pymysql -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple(venv) MacBookPro:HelloDj...
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