本文将简单介绍四种获取对象的方法。
假如有以下的类:
class Person(object):
def __init__(self, name, age):
self.name = name
self.age = age
def __str__(self):
return 'name=%s, age=%s' % (self.name, self.age)
方法一:使用属性运算符
print(xmr.name)
方法二:通过属性字典__dict__
print(xmr.__dict__['name'])
方法三:通过getattr函数
print(getattr(xmr, 'name'))
方法四:operator.attrgetter
import operator
op = operator.attrgetter('name')
print(op(xmr))
方法四可以用于对象的排序,比如需要根据年龄age来排序Person对象:
import operator
p_list = [Person('xiemanR', 18), Person('zhangshan', 17), Person('lisi', 20), Person('wangwu', 25)]
r = sorted(p_list, key=operator.attrgetter('age'))
for i in r:
print(i)
输出结果:
Person(name=zhangshan, age=17)
Person(name=xiemanR, age=18)
Person(name=lisi, age=20)
Person(name=wangwu, age=25)
PS:其实第四种方法是调用第三种方法的,只是简单封装了一下,我们看看operator.attrgetter实现就知道了:
class attrgetter:
def __init__(self, attr, *attrs):
if not attrs:
if not isinstance(attr, str):
raise TypeError('attribute name must be a string')
names = attr.split('.')
def func(obj):
for name in names:
obj = getattr(obj, name)
return obj
self._call = func
else:
getters = tuple(map(attrgetter, (attr,) + attrs))
def func(obj):
return tuple(getter(obj) for getter in getters)
self._call = func
def __call__(self, obj):
return self._call(obj)
完。