freopen,,fopen,ifstream/ofstream
1. 开始的时候freopen很直观,特别是改熟悉的键盘输入in(屏幕监控)和屏幕输出out,再直接。
xInOut01.cpp
# include<cstdio>
int main( ){
freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin);
freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout);
int temp,sum= 0;
while (scanf("%d", &temp)==1)
{
sum=sum+temp;
}
printf("%d\n",sum);
fclose(stdin);
fclose(stdout);
return 0;
}
可以再简单点,用cin/cout
xInOut02.cpp
#include<cstdio>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( ){
freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin);
freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout);
int temp,sum= 0;
while(cin>>temp)
{
sum=sum+temp;
}
cout<<sum<<endl;
fclose(stdin);
fclose(stdout);
return 0;
}
实际这个redirect重定向,就是用standIn键盘和standOut屏幕,注释的五行可以明确.
xInOut03.cpp
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
// FILE *fin, *fout;
// fin=fopen("in.txt","rb");
// fout=fopen("out.txt"," wb");
int a,b,c;
cin>>a>>b>>c;
cout<<(a+b)/c<<endl;
// fclose(stdin);
// fclose(stdout);
return 0;
}
FILE *freopen(const char *filename, const char *mode, FILE *stream)
mode(6): r, w, a, r+, w+, a+
stream(5): stdin, stdout, stderr
用fopen是规矩,毕竟不再是初学的键盘屏幕。
FILE *fopen(const char *filename, const char *mode)
mode同前.。
xInOut04.cpp
#include<cstdio>
using namespace std;
int main( ){
FILE *fin, *fout;
fin=fopen("in.txt","rb"); //rb可以
fout=fopen("out.txt"," wb"); //wb可以
int temp, sum=0;
while(fscanf(fin,"%d", &temp)==1)
sum=sum+temp;
fprintf(fout,"%d\n", sum);
fclose(fin);
fclose(fout);
return 0;
}
怀念freopen,用FILE指针,把输入输出定向到文件。其中看不出fopen, 但对应的fclose还是用一下。
xInOut05.cpp
#include<cstdio>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( ){
FILE *fin, *fout;
fin=stdin;
fout=stdout;
freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin);
freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout);
int temp, sum=0;
while(fscanf(fin,"%d", &temp)==1)
sum=sum+temp;
fprintf(fout,"%d\n", sum);
fclose(stdin);
fclose(stdout);
return 0;
}
用ifstream/ofstream/fstream(实际是三个)
*xInOut06.cpp
# include<fstream>
using namespace std;
int main( ){
ifstream fin("in.txt");
ofstream fout("out.txt");
int temp, sum =0;
while (fin>>temp)
sum=sum+temp;
fout<<sum<<endl;
fin.close();
fout.close();
return 0;
}
这里直接是构造函数,实际实例化后该用open,close操作。
void open(const char *filename, ios::openmode mode);
mode(5):ios::app(append添加), ios::ate(a FILE to end找尾), ios::in(reading in读入), ios::out(writing out写出), ios::trunc(truncated清干净)---参数可结合如(ios::out|ios:trunc 清干净准备写)。
实际代码还想换成初期,把上面的注释并用define,可以又回到cin/cout的模样:
xInOut07.cpp
#include<fstream>
#include<iostream>
#define fin cin
#define fout cout
using namespace std;
int main( ){
//ifstream fin("in.txt");
//ofstream fout("out.txt");
int temp, sum =0;
while (fin>>temp)
sum=sum+temp;
fout<<sum<<endl;
//fin.close();
//fout.close();
return 0;
}
最后in.txt和out.txt文件如下
**********************************in.txt***********************
1 2 3 4 5
*****************************************************************
******************************out.txt****************************
15
***************************************************************