夯实Spring系列|第二章：IoC 依赖查找

夯实Spring系列|第二章：IoC 依赖查找

1.本章说明

本章将通过大量的代码来展示 Spring IoC 依赖查找
后续相关专题会做更详细的介绍 夯实Spring系列|第七章：IoC 依赖查找（专题）

2.依赖查找方式

Spring 中的依赖查找方式大致分类如下，后面会用代码一 一演示：

• 根据 Bean 名称查找

  • 实时查找
  • 延迟查找

• 根据 Bean 类型查找

  • 单个 Bean 对象
  • 集合 Bean 对象

• 根据 Bean 名称+类型查找

• 根据 Java 注解查找

3.项目环境

1. Java 8

2. maven 项目，pom.xml 文件核心依赖如下

<properties>
   <spring.version>5.2.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
</properties>

<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
   <version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>

3. github 项目地址

https://github.com/huajiexiewenfeng/thinking-in-spring
模块 ioc-container-overview
本章的相关代码 com.huajie.thinking.in.spring.ioc.overview.dependency.lookup.DependencyLookUpDemo

4.代码演示

4.1 新建 User POJO 对象

public class User{
    
    private Long id;

    private String name;

    private Integer age;

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public static User createUser() {
        User user = new User();
        user.setName("static-user");
        return user;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                "}";
    }
}

4.2 创建一个 dependency-lookup-context.xml 的 context 文件

在 xml 配置文件中 配置 User 对象 id 为 user

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="user" class="com.huajie.thinking.in.spring.ioc.overview.domain.User">
        <property name="name" value="xwf"/>
        <property name="age" value="18"/>
        <property name="id" value="1"/>
    </bean>

</beans>

4.3 根据 Bean 名称查找 - 实时查找

public class DependencyLookUpDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //配置 xml 配置文件
        //启动 spring 应用上下文
        BeanFactory beanFactory = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:/META-INF/dependency-lookup-context.xml");

        lookupInRealTime(beanFactory);

    }

    private static void lookupInRealTime(BeanFactory beanFactory) {
        User user = (User) beanFactory.getBean("user");
        System.out.println("实时查找---" + user);
    }

}

4.4 根据 Bean 名称查找 - 延迟查找

在 xml 中新增配置

    <bean id="objectFactory" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ObjectFactoryCreatingFactoryBean">
        <property name="targetBeanName" value="user"/>
    </bean>

通过 objectFactory 对象来获取 User 对象

    private static void lookupInLazy(BeanFactory beanFactory) {
        ObjectFactory<User> userObjectFactory = (ObjectFactory<User>) beanFactory.getBean("objectFactory");
        User user = userObjectFactory.getObject();
        System.out.println("延迟查找---" + user);
    }

4.5 根据 Bean 类型查找 - 单个对象

    private static void lookupByType(BeanFactory beanFactory) {
        User user = beanFactory.getBean(User.class);
        System.out.println("类型查找---" + user);
    }

4.6 根据 Bean 类型查找 - 集合对象

    private static void lookupCollectionByType(BeanFactory beanFactory) {
        if (beanFactory instanceof ListableBeanFactory) {
            ListableBeanFactory listBeanFactory = (ListableBeanFactory) beanFactory;
            Map<String, User> users = listBeanFactory.getBeansOfType(User.class);
            System.out.println("查找到的所有集合对象---" + users);
        }
    }

4.7 根据 Bean 名称+类型查找

    private static void lookupByNameAndType(BeanFactory beanFactory) {
        User user = beanFactory.getBean("user",User.class);
        System.out.println("名称类型查找---" + user);
    }

4.8 根据 Java 注解查找

新建一个 @Super 的注解类

@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface Super {

}

新建 SuperUser 类，加上 @Super 注解

@Super
public class SuperUser extends User{

    private String address;

    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "SuperUser{" +
                "address='" + address + '\'' +
                '}'+super.toString();
    }
}

在 context.xml 文件中配置 SuperUser 对象

    <bean primary="true" id="superUser" class="com.huajie.thinking.in.spring.ioc.overview.domain.SuperUser" parent="user">
        <property name="address" value="wuhan"/>
    </bean>

通过getBeansWithAnnotation查找

    private static void lookupByAnnotationType(BeanFactory beanFactory) {
        if (beanFactory instanceof ListableBeanFactory) {
            ListableBeanFactory listBeanFactory = (ListableBeanFactory) beanFactory;
            Map<String, Object> users = listBeanFactory.getBeansWithAnnotation(Super.class);
            System.out.println("查找到的所有标注 @Super 集合对象---" + users);
        }
    }

4.9 测试截图

打印截图中多出了一些内容，因为后面的章节对代码做了一定的改动，详细源代码可以参考 github 项目

5.参考

• 极客时间-小马哥《小马哥讲Spring核心编程思想》