Python标准异常总结
以下是 Python 内置异常类的层次结构:
BaseException
+-- SystemExit
+-- KeyboardInterrupt
+-- GeneratorExit
+-- Exception
+-- StopIteration
+-- ArithmeticError
| +-- FloatingPointError
| +-- OverflowError
| +-- ZeroDivisionError
+-- AssertionError
+-- AttributeError
+-- BufferError
+-- EOFError
+-- ImportError
+-- LookupError
| +-- IndexError
| +-- KeyError
+-- MemoryError
+-- NameError
| +-- UnboundLocalError
+-- OSError
| +-- BlockingIOError
| +-- ChildProcessError
| +-- ConnectionError
| | +-- BrokenPipeError
| | +-- ConnectionAbortedError
| | +-- ConnectionRefusedError
| | +-- ConnectionResetError
| +-- FileExistsError
| +-- FileNotFoundError
| +-- InterruptedError
| +-- IsADirectoryError
| +-- NotADirectoryError
| +-- PermissionError
| +-- ProcessLookupError
| +-- TimeoutError
+-- ReferenceError
+-- RuntimeError
| +-- NotImplementedError
+-- SyntaxError
| +-- IndentationError
| +-- TabError
+-- SystemError
+-- TypeError
+-- ValueError
| +-- UnicodeError
| +-- UnicodeDecodeError
| +-- UnicodeEncodeError
| +-- UnicodeTranslateError
+-- Warning
+-- DeprecationWarning
+-- PendingDeprecationWarning
+-- RuntimeWarning
+-- SyntaxWarning
+-- UserWarning
+-- FutureWarning
+-- ImportWarning
+-- UnicodeWarning
+-- BytesWarning
+-- ResourceWarning
—————检测和处理异常
try-except语句
格式1:
try:
检测范围
except 异常名字[ as reason ]
出现异常(Exception)后的处理代码
try:
f= open('为什么是一个文件.txt')
print(f.read())
f.close()
except OSError as reason:
print('文件错误啦\n错误的原因是:'+str(reason))
============================= RESTART: G:/01.py =============================
文件错误啦
错误的原因是:[Errno 2] No such file or directory: '为什么是一个文件.txt'
>>>
try语句一旦检测的语句出现异常,剩下的语句不会被执行
格式2:
try:
检测范围
except Exception[as reason]:
出现异常(Exception)后的处理代码
finally:
无论如何都会被执行的代码
raise语句
自定义引发一个异常