网络编程学习笔记(TCP回射服务器程序修订版)

服务器端：

#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>

#define SIN_PORT 9999
#define BUFLEN 256

void str_echo(int fd);

void sig_child(int signo)
{
    pid_t pid;
    int stat;

    while ((pid = waitpid(-1, &stat, WNOHANG)) > 0) {
        printf("pid %d terminated\n", pid);
    }

}




size_t readn(int fd, void *ptr, size_t n)
{
    char *p = ptr;
    size_t nleft = n;
    size_t nread;

    while (nleft > 0) {
        if ((nread = read(fd, p, nleft)) < 0) {
            if (errno == EINTR) nread = 0;
            else return -1;
        } else if (nread == 0) break;

        nleft -= nread;
        p += nread;
    }

    return n - nleft;
}

size_t readline(int fd, void *ptr, size_t maxsize)
{
    char *p = ptr;
    size_t rc, n;
    char c;

    for (n = 1; n < maxsize; n++) {
again:
        if ((rc = read(fd, &c, 1)) == 1) {
            *p++ = c;
            if (c == '\n') break;
            } else if (rc == 0) {
                if (n == 1) return 0;
                else break;
        } else {
            if (errno == EINTR) goto again;
            return -1;
        }
    }

    *p = 0;
    return n;
}

size_t writen(int fd, void *ptr, size_t n)
{
    char *p = ptr;
    size_t nleft = n,  nwriten;

    while (nleft > 0) {
        if ((nwriten = write(fd, p, nleft)) <= 0) {
            if (errno == EINTR) nwriten = 0;
            else return -1;
        }

        p += nwriten;
        nleft -= nwriten;
    }

    return n;
}

void str_echo(int fd)
{
    char recvline[BUFLEN];
    int n;
    
    for (;;) {
        if ((n = readline(fd, recvline, BUFLEN)) == 0) return;
         printf("received buf=%s", recvline);
        writen(fd, recvline, n);

    }
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    int listenfd, connfd, sockfd;
    int maxfd, i, maxi, n;
    int nready, client[FD_SETSIZE];
    pid_t child;
    struct sockaddr_in servaddr, clientaddr;
    char buf[BUFLEN];
    time_t ticks;
    fd_set rset, allset;
    int len;

    listenfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if (listenfd < 0) {
        printf("socket error :%s\n", strerror(errno));        
        return -1;
    }

    servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    servaddr.sin_port = htons(SIN_PORT);
    servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
    signal(SIGCHLD, sig_child);
    
    if (bind(listenfd, (struct sockaddr*)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)) < 0) {
        printf("bind error:%s\n", strerror(errno));
        close(listenfd);
        return -1;
    }
    
    
    if (listen(listenfd, 3) < 0) {
        printf("listen error:%s\n", strerror(errno));
        close(listenfd);
        return -1;
    }

    maxfd = listenfd;
    for (i = 0; i < FD_SETSIZE; i++) {
        client[i] = -1;
    }
    FD_ZERO(&allset);
    FD_SET(listenfd, &allset);



    

    for (;;) {
       rset = allset;

       nready = select(maxfd + 1, &rset, NULL, NULL, NULL);
       if (FD_ISSET(listenfd, &rset)) {
            len = sizeof(int);
            connfd = accept(listenfd, (struct sockaddr*)&clientaddr, &len);
            for (i = 0; i < FD_SETSIZE; i++) {
                if (client[i] < 0) {
                    client[i] = connfd;
                    break;
                }
            }

            if (i == FD_SETSIZE) {
                printf("too many client\n");
                return;
            }

            FD_SET(connfd, &allset);

            if (connfd > maxfd) maxfd = connfd;

            if (i > maxi) maxi = i;

            if (--nready <= 0) continue;
       }

       for (i = 0; i <= maxi; i++) {
            if ((sockfd = client[i]) < 0) continue;

            if (FD_ISSET(sockfd, &rset)) {
                if ((n = readline(sockfd, buf, BUFLEN)) == 0) {
                    close(sockfd);
                    FD_CLR(sockfd, &allset);
                    client[i] = -1;
                } else {
                    writen(sockfd, buf, n);
                }
            }

            if (--nready <= 0) break;
       }
        
    }

    return 0;
}

用一个client数组记录连接后的socket，同时将这个socket加入到描述字符集中。在监听到有连接请求后，遍历可用的字符集，因为readline是阻塞的，会出现拒绝式攻击。

可行的解决方法 有如下 三种：

（1）使用非阻塞I/O模型

（2）让每个客户由单独的控制线程提供服务（创建子进程或线程来为每个客户提供服务）

（3）对I/O设置 超时

客户端：

#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>

#define SIN_PORT 9999
#define BUF_LEN 256
#define max(a, b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))

size_t readline(int fd, void *ptr, int maxsize)
{
    char *p = ptr;
    char c;
    int rc;
    int n;
    
    for (n = 1; n < maxsize; n++) {
    again:
        if ((rc = read(fd, &c, 1)) == 1) {
              *p++ = c;
              if (c == '\n') break; 
        } else if (rc == 0) {
                    if (n == 1) return 0;
                       else break;
                       }else {
            if (errno == EINTR) goto again;
            else return -1;
        }
    }
    
    *p = 0;
    return n;
}


size_t readn(int fd, void *ptr, size_t n)
{
    char *p = ptr;
    int nleft = n;
    int nread;
    
    while (nleft > 0) {
          if ((nread = read(fd, p, nleft)) < 0) {
                if (errno == EINTR) nread = 0;
                else return -1;
          } else if (nread == 0) break;
          nleft -= nread;
          p += nread;
    }
    
    return n - nleft;
}

size_t writen(int fd, void *ptr, size_t n)
{
    size_t nwriten;
    size_t nleft = n;
    char *p = ptr;
    
    while (nleft > 0) {
          if ((nwriten = write(fd, p, nleft)) <= 0) {
                if (errno == EINTR) nwriten = 0;
                else return -1;
          }
          
          nleft -= nwriten;
          p += nwriten;
    }
    
    return n;
}

void str_cli(FILE *file, int fd)
{
    char recvline[BUF_LEN], sendline[BUF_LEN];
    int maxfdp1;
    fd_set fdset;
    int ret;

    int stdineof = 0;

    FD_ZERO(&fdset);

    for(;;) {
        if (stdineof == 0)
            FD_SET(fileno(file), &fdset);
        FD_SET(fd, &fdset);
        maxfdp1 = max(fileno(file), fd) + 1;
        ret = select(maxfdp1, &fdset, NULL, NULL, NULL);   
        if (ret <= 0) {
             continue;
        }
        //printf("ret=%d\n", ret);
        if (FD_ISSET(fd, &fdset)) {
            if (readline(fd, recvline, BUF_LEN) == 0) {
                if (stdineof == 1)
                    return;
                else {
                    printf("readline error:%s\n", strerror(errno));
                    return;
                }
            }
            fputs(recvline, stdout);
        } 
    
        if (FD_ISSET(fileno(file), &fdset)) {
            memset(sendline, 0x00, sizeof(sendline));
            if (fgets(sendline, BUF_LEN, file) == NULL) {
                //printf("fgets error:%s\n", strerror(errno));
                stdineof = 1;
                shutdown(fd, SHUT_WR);
                FD_CLR(fileno(file), &fdset);
                continue;
            }
            
            //printf("len=%d\n", strlen(sendline));
            writen(fd, sendline, strlen(sendline));
        }   
    }
}

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    struct sockaddr_in serveraddr;
    int sockfd;
    
#ifndef ONLINE_JUDGE
    //freopen("6.4Client.c", "r", stdin);
#endif

    sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if (sockfd < 0) {
        printf("socket error:%s\n", strerror(errno));
        return -1;
    }   
    
    serveraddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    serveraddr.sin_port = htons(SIN_PORT);
    if (inet_pton(AF_INET, argv[1], &serveraddr.sin_addr) != 1) {
          printf("inet_pton error:%s\n", strerror(errno));
          close(sockfd);
          return -1;
    }
    
    if (connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr*)&serveraddr, sizeof(serveraddr)) < 0) {
        printf("connect error:%s\n", strerror(errno));
        close(sockfd);
        return -1;
    }
    
    str_cli(stdin, sockfd);
    
    exit(0);
    
}