Java读取文本文件

使用java.nio.file.Files读取文本文件

• Files类将文件的所有内容读入字节数组。Files类还可以读取所有行到字符串列表。
• Files类是在Java 7中引入的，适合在处理小文件并且需要加载所有文件内容到内存中时使用

String fileName = "D:docs/readme.txt";
Path path = Paths.get(fileName);
byte[] bytes = Files.readAllBytes(path);
List<String> allLines = Files.readAllLines(path, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);

使用java.io.FileReader类

FileReader获取BufferedReader，然后逐行读取文件。不支持编码并使用系统默认编码，
它不是一种java中读取文本文件的非常有效的方法。

String fileName = "D:docs/readme.txt";
File file = new File(fileName);
FileReader fr = new FileReader(file);
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(fr);
String line;
while((line = br.readLine()) != null){
    // 一行一行地处理...
    System.out.println(line);
}

使用java.io.BufferedReader

逐行读取文件并对它们进行处理，适用于处理大文件，也支持编码。
BufferedReader是同步的，因此可以安全地从多个线程完成对BufferedReader的读取操作。
BufferedReader的默认缓冲区大小为：8KB。

String fileName = "D:docs/readme.txt";
File file = new File(fileName);
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(fis, cs);
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);

String line;
while((line = br.readLine()) != null){
     //process the line
     System.out.println(line);
}
br.close();

使用Scanner读取文本文件

逐行读取文件或基于某些java正则表达式读取文件，则可使用Scanner类。
Scanner类使用分隔符模式将其输入分解为标记，分隔符模式默认匹配空格。然后可以使用各种下一种方法将得到的标记转换成不同类型的值。
Scanner类不同步，因此不是线程安全的。

Path path = Paths.get(fileName);
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(path);
System.out.println("Read text file using Scanner");
// 一行一行地读取
while(scanner.hasNextLine()){
    //process each line
    String line = scanner.nextLine();
    System.out.println(line);
}
scanner.close();

使用RandomAccessFile读取文本文件

RandomAccessFile file = new RandomAccessFile("D:docs/readme.txt", "r");
String str;

while ((str = file.readLine()) != null) {
    System.out.println(str);
}
file.close();

Java读取文件示例：

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class JavaReadFile {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        String fileName = "D:/docs/source.txt";

        //使用Java 7中的Files类处理小文件，获取完整的文件数据
        readUsingFiles(fileName);

        //使用Scanner类来处理大文件，逐行读取
        readUsingScanner(fileName);

        //使用BufferedReader读取，逐行读取
        readUsingBufferedReader(fileName);
        readUsingBufferedReaderJava7(fileName, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
        readUsingBufferedReader(fileName, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);

        //使用FileReader读取，没有编码支持，效率不高
        readUsingFileReader(fileName);
    }

    private static void readUsingFileReader(String fileName) throws IOException {
        File file = new File(fileName);
        FileReader fr = new FileReader(file);
        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(fr);
        String line;
        System.out.println("Reading text file using FileReader");
        while((line = br.readLine()) != null){
            //逐行读取
            System.out.println(line);
        }
        br.close();
        fr.close();

    }

    private static void readUsingBufferedReader(String fileName, Charset cs) throws IOException {
        File file = new File(fileName);
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
        InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(fis, cs);
        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
        String line;
        System.out.println("Read text file using InputStreamReader");
        while((line = br.readLine()) != null){
            //逐行读取
            System.out.println(line);
        }
        br.close();

    }

    private static void readUsingBufferedReaderJava7(String fileName, Charset cs) throws IOException {
        Path path = Paths.get(fileName);
        BufferedReader br = Files.newBufferedReader(path, cs);
        String line;
        System.out.println("Read text file using BufferedReader Java 7 improvement");
        while((line = br.readLine()) != null){
            //逐行读取
            System.out.println(line);
        }
        br.close();
    }

    private static void readUsingBufferedReader(String fileName) throws IOException {
        File file = new File(fileName);
        FileReader fr = new FileReader(file);
        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(fr);
        String line;
        System.out.println("Read text file using BufferedReader");
        while((line = br.readLine()) != null){
            //逐行读取
            System.out.println(line);
        }
        //close resources
        br.close();
        fr.close();
    }

    private static void readUsingScanner(String fileName) throws IOException {
        Path path = Paths.get(fileName);
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(path);
        System.out.println("Read text file using Scanner");
        //逐行读取
        while(scanner.hasNextLine()){
            //逐行处理
            String line = scanner.nextLine();
            System.out.println(line);
        }
        scanner.close();
    }

    private static void readUsingFiles(String fileName) throws IOException {
        Path path = Paths.get(fileName);
        //将文件读取到字节数组
        byte[] bytes = Files.readAllBytes(path);
        System.out.println("Read text file using Files class");
        //read file to String list
        @SuppressWarnings("unused")
        List<String> allLines = Files.readAllLines(path, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
        System.out.println(new String(bytes));
    }
}