Mysql 基本的数据查询(单表查询)

        这是本人使用Navicat学习Mysql中总结的一些最基本的查询语句以及一些函数的使用,在开始之前先准备一些使用的数据

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for `t_employees`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_employees`;
CREATE TABLE `t_employees` (
  `EMPLOYEE_ID` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `FIRST_NAME` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `LAST_NAME` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `EMAIL` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `PHONE_NUMBER` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `HIRE_DATE` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `JOB_ID` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `SALARY` int(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `COMMISSION_PCT` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `MANAGER_ID` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `DEPARTMENT_ID` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`EMPLOYEE_ID`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=gbk;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of t_employees
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('100', 'Steven', 'King', 'SKING', '515.123.4567', '1987-06-17', 'AD_PRES', '24000', null, null, '90');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('101', 'Neena', 'Kochhar', 'NKOCHHAR', '515.123.4568', '1989-09-21', 'AD_VP', '17000', null, '100', '90');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('102', 'Lex', 'De Haan', 'LDEHAAN', '515.123.4569', '1993-01-13', 'AD_VP', '17000', null, '100', '90');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('103', 'Alexander', 'Hunold', 'AHUNOLD', '590.423.4567', '1990-01-03', 'IT_PROG', '9000', null, '102', '60');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('104', 'Bruce', 'Ernst', 'BERNST', '590.423.4568', '1991-05-21', 'IT_PROG', '6000', null, '103', '60');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('105', 'David', 'Austin', 'DAUSTIN', '590.423.4569', '1997-06-25', 'IT_PROG', '4800', null, '103', '60');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('106', 'Valli', 'Pataballa', 'VPATABAL', '590.423.4560', '1998-02-05', 'IT_PROG', '4800', null, '103', '60');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('107', 'Diana', 'Lorentz', 'DLORENTZ', '590.423.5567', '1999-02-07', 'IT_PROG', '4200', null, '103', '60');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('108', 'Nancy', 'Greenberg', 'NGREENBE', '515.124.4569', '1994-08-17', 'FI_MGR', '12000', null, '101', '100');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('109', 'Daniel', 'Faviet', 'DFAVIET', '515.124.4169', '1994-08-16', 'FI_ACCOUNT', '9000', null, '108', '100');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('110', 'John', 'Chen', 'JCHEN', '515.124.4269', '1997-09-28', 'FI_ACCOUNT', '8200', null, '108', '100');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('111', 'Ismael', 'Sciarra', 'ISCIARRA', '515.124.4369', '1997-09-30', 'FI_ACCOUNT', '7700', null, '108', '100');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('112', 'Jose Manuel', 'Urman', 'JMURMAN', '515.124.4469', '1998-03-07', 'FI_ACCOUNT', '7800', null, '108', '100');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('113', 'Luis', 'Popp', 'LPOPP', '515.124.4567', '1999-12-07', 'FI_ACCOUNT', '6900', null, '108', '100');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('114', 'Den', 'Raphaely', 'DRAPHEAL', '515.127.4561', '1994-12-07', 'PU_MAN', '11000', null, '100', '30');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('115', 'Alexander', 'Khoo', 'AKHOO', '515.127.4562', '1995-05-18', 'PU_CLERK', '3100', null, '114', '30');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('116', 'Shelli', 'Baida', 'SBAIDA', '515.127.4563', '1997-12-24', 'PU_CLERK', '2900', null, '114', '30');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('117', 'Sigal', 'Tobias', 'STOBIAS', '515.127.4564', '1997-07-24', 'PU_CLERK', '2800', null, '114', '30');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('118', 'Guy', 'Himuro', 'GHIMURO', '515.127.4565', '1998-11-15', 'PU_CLERK', '2600', null, '114', '30');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('119', 'Karen', 'Colmenares', 'KCOLMENA', '515.127.4566', '1999-08-10', 'PU_CLERK', '2500', null, '114', '30');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('120', 'Matthew', 'Weiss', 'MWEISS', '650.123.1234', '1996-07-18', 'ST_MAN', '8000', null, '100', '50');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('121', 'Adam', 'Fripp', 'AFRIPP', '650.123.2234', '1997-04-10', 'ST_MAN', '8200', null, '100', '50');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('122', 'Payam', 'Kaufling', 'PKAUFLIN', '650.123.3234', '1995-05-01', 'ST_MAN', '7900', null, '100', '50');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('123', 'Shanta', 'Vollman', 'SVOLLMAN', '650.123.4234', '1997-10-10', 'ST_MAN', '6500', null, '100', '50');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('124', 'Kevin', 'Mourgos', 'KMOURGOS', '650.123.5234', '1999-11-16', 'ST_MAN', '5800', null, '100', '50');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('125', 'Julia', 'Nayer', 'JNAYER', '650.124.1214', '1997-07-16', 'ST_CLERK', '3200', null, '120', '50');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('126', 'Irene', 'Mikkilineni', 'IMIKKILI', '650.124.1224', '1998-09-28', 'ST_CLERK', '2700', null, '120', '50');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('127', 'James', 'Landry', 'JLANDRY', '650.124.1334', '1999-01-14', 'ST_CLERK', '2400', null, '120', '50');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('128', 'Steven', 'Markle', 'SMARKLE', '650.124.1434', '2000-03-08', 'ST_CLERK', '2200', null, '120', '50');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('129', 'Laura', 'Bissot', 'LBISSOT', '650.124.5234', '1997-08-20', 'ST_CLERK', '3300', null, '121', '50');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('130', 'Mozhe', 'Atkinson', 'MATKINSO', '650.124.6234', '1997-10-30', 'ST_CLERK', '2800', null, '121', '50');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('131', 'James', 'Marlow', 'JAMRLOW', '650.124.7234', '1997-02-16', 'ST_CLERK', '2500', null, '121', '50');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('132', 'TJ', 'Olson', 'TJOLSON', '650.124.8234', '1999-04-10', 'ST_CLERK', '2100', null, '121', '50');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('133', 'Jason', 'Mallin', 'JMALLIN', '650.127.1934', '1996-06-14', 'ST_CLERK', '3300', null, '122', '50');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('134', 'Michael', 'Rogers', 'MROGERS', '650.127.1834', '1998-08-26', 'ST_CLERK', '2900', null, '122', '50');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('135', 'Ki', 'Gee', 'KGEE', '650.127.1734', '1999-12-12', 'ST_CLERK', '2400', null, '122', '50');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('136', 'Hazel', 'Philtanker', 'HPHILTAN', '650.127.1634', '2000-02-06', 'ST_CLERK', '2200', null, '122', '50');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('137', 'Renske', 'Ladwig', 'RLADWIG', '650.121.1234', '1995-07-14', 'ST_CLERK', '3600', null, '123', '50');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('138', 'Stephen', 'Stiles', 'SSTILES', '650.121.2034', '1997-10-26', 'ST_CLERK', '3200', null, '123', '50');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('139', 'John', 'Seo', 'JSEO', '650.121.2019', '1998-02-12', 'ST_CLERK', '2700', null, '123', '50');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('140', 'Joshua', 'Patel', 'JPATEL', '650.121.1834', '1998-04-06', 'ST_CLERK', '2500', null, '123', '50');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('141', 'Trenna', 'Rajs', 'TRAJS', '650.121.8009', '1995-10-17', 'ST_CLERK', '3500', null, '124', '50');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('142', 'Curtis', 'Davies', 'CDAVIES', '650.121.2994', '1997-01-29', 'ST_CLERK', '3100', null, '124', '50');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('143', 'Randall', 'Matos', 'RMATOS', '650.121.2874', '1998-03-15', 'ST_CLERK', '2600', null, '124', '50');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('144', 'Peter', 'Vargas', 'PVARGAS', '650.121.2004', '1998-07-09', 'ST_CLERK', '2500', null, '124', '50');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('145', 'John', 'Russell', 'JRUSSEL', '011.44.1344.429268', '1996-10-01', 'SA_MAN', '14000', '0.4', '100', '80');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('146', 'Karen', 'Partners', 'KPARTNER', '011.44.1344.467268', '1997-01-05', 'SA_MAN', '13500', '0.3', '100', '80');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('147', 'Alberto', 'Errazuriz', 'AERRAZUR', '011.44.1344.429278', '1997-03-10', 'SA_MAN', '12000', '0.3', '100', '80');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('148', 'Gerald', 'Cambrault', 'GCAMBRAU', '011.44.1344.619268', '1999-10-15', 'SA_MAN', '11000', '0.3', '100', '80');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('149', 'Eleni', 'Zlotkey', 'EZLOTKEY', '011.44.1344.429018', '2000-01-29', 'SA_MAN', '10500', '0.2', '100', '80');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('150', 'Peter', 'Tucker', 'PTUCKER', '011.44.1344.129268', '1997-01-30', 'SA_REP', '10000', '0.3', '145', '80');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('151', 'David', 'Bernstein', 'DBERNSTE', '011.44.1344.345268', '1997-03-24', 'SA_REP', '9500', '0.25', '145', '80');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('152', 'Peter', 'Hall', 'PHALL', '011.44.1344.478968', '1997-08-20', 'SA_REP', '9000', '0.25', '145', '80');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('153', 'Christopher', 'Olsen', 'COLSEN', '011.44.1344.498718', '1998-03-30', 'SA_REP', '8000', '0.2', '145', '80');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('154', 'Nanette', 'Cambrault', 'NCAMBRAU', '011.44.1344.987668', '1998-12-09', 'SA_REP', '7500', '0.2', '145', '80');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('155', 'Oliver', 'Tuvault', 'OTUVAULT', '011.44.1344.486508', '1999-11-23', 'SA_REP', '7000', '0.15', '145', '80');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('156', 'Janette', 'King', 'JKING', '011.44.1345.429268', '1996-01-30', 'SA_REP', '10000', '0.35', '146', '80');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('157', 'Patrick', 'Sully', 'PSULLY', '011.44.1345.929268', '1996-03-04', 'SA_REP', '9500', '0.35', '146', '80');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('158', 'Allan', 'McEwen', 'AMCEWEN', '011.44.1345.829268', '1996-08-01', 'SA_REP', '9000', '0.35', '146', '80');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('159', 'Lindsey', 'Smith', 'LSMITH', '011.44.1345.729268', '1997-03-10', 'SA_REP', '8000', '0.3', '146', '80');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('160', 'Louise', 'Doran', 'LDORAN', '011.44.1345.629268', '1997-12-15', 'SA_REP', '7500', '0.3', '146', '80');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('161', 'Sarath', 'Sewall', 'SSEWALL', '011.44.1345.529268', '1998-11-03', 'SA_REP', '7000', '0.25', '146', '80');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('162', 'Clara', 'Vishney', 'CVISHNEY', '011.44.1346.129268', '1997-11-11', 'SA_REP', '10500', '0.25', '147', '80');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('163', 'Danielle', 'Greene', 'DGREENE', '011.44.1346.229268', '1999-03-19', 'SA_REP', '9500', '0.15', '147', '80');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('164', 'Mattea', 'Marvins', 'MMARVINS', '011.44.1346.329268', '2000-01-24', 'SA_REP', '7200', '0.1', '147', '80');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('165', 'David', 'Lee', 'DLEE', '011.44.1346.529268', '2000-02-23', 'SA_REP', '6800', '0.1', '147', '80');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('166', 'Sundar', 'Ande', 'SANDE', '011.44.1346.629268', '2000-03-24', 'SA_REP', '6400', '0.1', '147', '80');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('167', 'Amit', 'Banda', 'ABANDA', '011.44.1346.729268', '2000-04-21', 'SA_REP', '6200', '0.1', '147', '80');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('168', 'Lisa', 'Ozer', 'LOZER', '011.44.1343.929268', '1997-03-11', 'SA_REP', '11500', '0.25', '148', '80');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('169', 'Harrison', 'Bloom', 'HBLOOM', '011.44.1343.829268', '1998-03-23', 'SA_REP', '10000', '0.2', '148', '80');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('170', 'Tayler', 'Fox', 'TFOX', '011.44.1343.729268', '1998-01-24', 'SA_REP', '9600', '0.2', '148', '80');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('171', 'William', 'Smith', 'WSMITH', '011.44.1343.629268', '1999-02-23', 'SA_REP', '7400', '0.15', '148', '80');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('172', 'Elizabeth', 'Bates', 'EBATES', '011.44.1343.529268', '1999-03-24', 'SA_REP', '7300', '0.15', '148', '80');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('173', 'Sundita', 'Kumar', 'SKUMAR', '011.44.1343.329268', '2000-04-21', 'SA_REP', '6100', '0.1', '148', '80');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('174', 'Ellen', 'Abel', 'EABEL', '011.44.1644.429267', '1996-05-11', 'SA_REP', '11000', '0.3', '149', '80');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('175', 'Alyssa', 'Hutton', 'AHUTTON', '011.44.1644.429266', '1997-03-19', 'SA_REP', '8800', '0.25', '149', '80');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('176', 'Jonathon', 'Taylor', 'JTAYLOR', '011.44.1644.429265', '1998-03-24', 'SA_REP', '8600', '0.2', '149', '80');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('177', 'Jack', 'Livingston', 'JLIVINGS', '011.44.1644.429264', '1998-04-23', 'SA_REP', '8400', '0.2', '149', '80');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('178', 'Kimberely', 'Grant', 'KGRANT', '011.44.1644.429263', '1999-05-24', 'SA_REP', '7000', '0.15', '149', null);
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('179', 'Charles', 'Johnson', 'CJOHNSON', '011.44.1644.429262', '2000-01-04', 'SA_REP', '6200', '0.1', '149', '80');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('180', 'Winston', 'Taylor', 'WTAYLOR', '650.507.9876', '1998-01-24', 'SH_CLERK', '3200', null, '120', '50');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('181', 'Jean', 'Fleaur', 'JFLEAUR', '650.507.9877', '1998-02-23', 'SH_CLERK', '3100', null, '120', '50');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('182', 'Martha', 'Sullivan', 'MSULLIVA', '650.507.9878', '1999-06-21', 'SH_CLERK', '2500', null, '120', '50');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('183', 'Girard', 'Geoni', 'GGEONI', '650.507.9879', '2000-02-03', 'SH_CLERK', '2800', null, '120', '50');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('184', 'Nandita', 'Sarchand', 'NSARCHAN', '650.509.1876', '1996-01-27', 'SH_CLERK', '4200', null, '121', '50');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('185', 'Alexis', 'Bull', 'ABULL', '650.509.2876', '1997-02-20', 'SH_CLERK', '4100', null, '121', '50');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('186', 'Julia', 'Dellinger', 'JDELLING', '650.509.3876', '1998-06-24', 'SH_CLERK', '3400', null, '121', '50');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('187', 'Anthony', 'Cabrio', 'ACABRIO', '650.509.4876', '1999-02-07', 'SH_CLERK', '3000', null, '121', '50');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('188', 'Kelly', 'Chung', 'KCHUNG', '650.505.1876', '1997-06-14', 'SH_CLERK', '3800', null, '122', '50');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('189', 'Jennifer', 'Dilly', 'JDILLY', '650.505.2876', '1997-08-13', 'SH_CLERK', '3600', null, '122', '50');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('190', 'Timothy', 'Gates', 'TGATES', '650.505.3876', '1998-07-11', 'SH_CLERK', '2900', null, '122', '50');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('191', 'Randall', 'Perkins', 'RPERKINS', '650.505.4876', '1999-12-19', 'SH_CLERK', '2500', null, '122', '50');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('192', 'Sarah', 'Bell', 'SBELL', '650.501.1876', '1996-02-04', 'SH_CLERK', '4000', null, '123', '50');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('193', 'Britney', 'Everett', 'BEVERETT', '650.501.2876', '1997-03-03', 'SH_CLERK', '3900', null, '123', '50');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('194', 'Samuel', 'McCain', 'SMCCAIN', '650.501.3876', '1998-07-01', 'SH_CLERK', '3200', null, '123', '50');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('195', 'Vance', 'Jones', 'VJONES', '650.501.4876', '1999-03-17', 'SH_CLERK', '2800', null, '123', '50');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('196', 'Alana', 'Walsh', 'AWALSH', '650.507.9811', '1998-04-24', 'SH_CLERK', '3100', null, '124', '50');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('197', 'Kevin', 'Feeney', 'KFEENEY', '650.507.9822', '1998-05-23', 'SH_CLERK', '3000', null, '124', '50');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('198', 'Donald', 'OConnell', 'DOCONNEL', '650.507.9833', '1999-06-21', 'SH_CLERK', '2600', null, '124', '50');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('199', 'Douglas', 'Grant', 'DGRANT', '650.507.9844', '2000-01-13', 'SH_CLERK', '2600', null, '124', '50');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('200', 'Jennifer', 'Whalen', 'JWHALEN', '515.123.4444', '1987-09-17', 'AD_ASST', '4400', null, '101', '10');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('201', 'Michael', 'Hartstein', 'MHARTSTE', '515.123.5555', '1996-02-17', 'MK_MAN', '13000', null, '100', '20');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('202', 'Pat', 'Fay', 'PFAY', '603.123.6666', '1997-08-17', 'MK_REP', '6000', null, '201', '20');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('203', 'Susan', 'Mavris', 'SMAVRIS', '515.123.7777', '1994-06-07', 'HR_REP', '6500', null, '101', '40');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('204', 'Hermann', 'Baer', 'HBAER', '515.123.8888', '1994-06-07', 'PR_REP', '10000', null, '101', '70');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('205', 'Shelley', 'Higgins', 'SHIGGINS', '515.123.8080', '1994-06-07', 'AC_MGR', '12000', null, '101', '110');
INSERT INTO `t_employees` VALUES ('206', 'William', 'Gietz', 'WGIETZ', '515.123.8181', '1994-06-07', 'AC_ACCOUNT', '8300', null, '205', '110');

 

基本查询

语法:select 字段 from 表;

#1,基本查询   select  字段  from  表;
#查询员工表中所有员工的所有信息(所有列)  
select * from t_employees;

#查询员工表中所有员工的编号、名字、邮箱
select employee_id,first_name,email from t_employees;

#对列进行运算:
#查询员工表中所有员工的编号、名字、年薪
select employee_id,first_name,salary*12 from t_employees;

#对列取别名  as
#查询员工表中所有员工的编号、名字、年薪(列名均为中文)
select employee_id,first_name as '姓名',salary*12 '年薪' from t_employees;

#去重  distinct
#查询员工表中所有经理的ID。
select DISTINCT manager_id from t_employees;

#排序查询  order by 字段 排序规则(asc|desc)
#查询员工的编号,名字,薪资。按照工资高低进行降序排序。
select employee_id,first_name,salary from t_employees order by salary desc;

#按多列查询  order by 字段 desc,字段 asc(默认)
#查询员工的编号,名字,薪资。按照工资高低进行升序排序(薪资相同时,按照编号进行升序排序)。
select employee_id,first_name,salary from t_employees order by salary,EMPLOYEE_ID;

条件查询

语法: select 字段 from 表 where 条件;

#条件判断: select 字段  from 表 where 条件
#等值判断(=)
#查询薪资是11000的员工信息(编号、名字、薪资)
select employee_id,first_name,salary from t_employees where salary=11000;

#逻辑判断(and、or、not)
#查询薪资是11000并且提成是0.30的员工信息(编号、名字、薪资)
select employee_id,first_name,salary,COMMISSION_PCT from t_employees where salary=11000 and COMMISSION_PCT=0.3;

#不等值判断(> 、< 、>= 、<= 、!= 、<>)
#查询员工的薪资在6000~10000之间的员工信息(编号,名字,薪资)
select employee_id,first_name,salary from t_employees where salary>=6000 and salary<=10000;

# 区间判断(between and)
#查询员工的薪资在6000~10000之间的员工信息(编号,名字,薪资)
select employee_id,first_name,salary from t_employees where salary BETWEEN 6000 and 10000;

#NULL 值判断(IS NULL、IS NOT NULL)
#查询没有提成的员工信息(编号,名字,薪资 , 提成)
select employee_id,first_name,salary,COMMISSION_PCT from t_employees where COMMISSION_PCT is null;

#枚举查询( IN (值 1,值 2,值 3 ) )
#查询部门编号为70、80、90的员工信息(编号,名字,薪资 , 部门编号)注:in的查询效率较低,可通过多条件拼接。
select employee_id,first_name,salary,DEPARTMENT_ID from t_employees where DEPARTMENT_ID in(70,80,90);

#模糊查询  like '%' 0个或多个    like '_' 任意一个字符
#查询名字以"L"开头的员工信息(编号,名字,薪资 , 部门编号)
select employee_id,first_name,salary,DEPARTMENT_ID from t_employees where first_name like 'L%';

#查询名字以"L"开头并且长度为4的员工信息(编号,名字,薪资 , 部门编号)
select employee_id,first_name,salary,DEPARTMENT_ID from t_employees where first_name like 'L___';

/*
  分支结构查询: 
	CASE
		WHEN 条件1 THEN 结果1
		WHEN 条件2 THEN 结果2
		WHEN 条件3 THEN 结果3
		ELSE 结果
	END
*/
#查询员工信息(编号,名字,薪资 , 薪资级别<对应条件表达式生成>)
select employee_id,first_name,salary,
(CASE
  WHEN salary>=10000 THEN 'A'
  WHEN salary>=8000 THEN 'B'
  WHEN salary>=6000 THEN 'C'
  WHEN salary>=4000 THEN 'D'
  else 'E'
END) '薪资级别' from t_employees;

数据库函数

#数据库函数:
#日期函数:
select SYSDATE();   #系统时间
select NOW();       #系统时间
SELECT CURDATE();   #当前日期
select CURTIME();   #当前时间 
select YEAR(NOW()); #获取年份
select DATEDIFF('2023-08-09','2023-07-28');   #两个日期的天数差

#字符串函数
select CONCAT(CURDATE(),' ',CURTIME());  #日期和时间的拼接
select INSERT("helloworld",3,4,'666');   #注意,在数据库中通常下标从1开始
select LOWER('TBD');  #大写转小写
select UPPER('yut');  #小写转大写
select SUBSTRING("helloworld",3,4);  #从下标3的位置截取4个长度  下标从1开始

select upper(first_name),salary from t_employees;  #字符串函数的场景

#聚合函数   max(字段)  min(..) avg(..)  sum(..)  count(..)
#统计所有员工每月的工资总和
select sum(salary) from t_employees;
#统计所有员工每月的平均工资
select avg(salary) from t_employees;
#统计所有员工中月薪最高的工资
select max(salary) from t_employees;
#统计员工总数
select count(*) from t_employees;  #常用  查总条数,包括null的条数
select count(COMMISSION_PCT) from t_employees;  #指定字段的总数,则没有包括null条数

分组查询

#分组查询
#语法:SELECT 列名 FROM 表名 WHERE 条件  [GROUP BY 分组依据(列);]

#查询各部门的总人数
#思路:
#1.按照部门编号进行分组(分组依据是 department_id)
select department_id from t_employees group by department_id;
#2.再针对各部门的人数进行统计(count)
select department_id,count(*) from t_employees group by department_id;


#查询各部门的平均工资
#思路:
#1.按照部门编号进行分组(分组依据department_id)。
select department_id from t_employees group by department_id;
#2.针对每个部门进行平均工资统计(avg)。
select department_id,avg(salary) from t_employees group by department_id;

#查询各个部门、各个岗位的人数
#思路:
#1.按照部门编号进行分组(分组依据 department_id)。
select department_id from t_employees group by department_id;
#2.按照岗位名称进行分组(分组依据 job_id)。
select department_id,job_id from t_employees group by department_id,job_id;
#3.针对每个部门中的各个岗位进行人数统计(count)
select department_id,job_id,count(*) from t_employees group by department_id,job_id;


#查询各个部门id、总人数、first_name
#select department_id,count(*),first_name from t_employees group by department_id;   #ERROR

#注意事项:分组查询的字段必须是分组依据列或聚合函数

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