Given a string s
containing just the characters '('
, ')'
, '{'
, '}'
, '['
and ']'
, determine if the input string is valid.
An input string is valid if:
- Open brackets must be closed by the same type of brackets.
- Open brackets must be closed in the correct order.
Solutions:
match relationship problems can be solved by setting up a map directly (1) or using stack to save the relation (2)
(1)
Java:
class Solution {
// Hash table that takes care of the mappings.
private HashMap<Character, Character> mappings;
// Initialize hash map with mappings. This simply makes the code easier to read.
public Solution() {
this.mappings = new HashMap<Character, Character>();
this.mappings.put(')', '(');
this.mappings.put('}', '{');
this.mappings.put(']', '[');
}
public boolean isValid(String s) {
// Initialize a stack to be used in the algorithm.
Stack<Character> stack = new Stack<Character>();
for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
char c = s.charAt(i);
// If the current character is a closing bracket.
if (this.mappings.containsKey(c)) {
// Get the top element of the stack. If the stack is empty, set a dummy value of '#'
char topElement = stack.empty() ? '#' : stack.pop();
// If the mapping for this bracket doesn't match the stack's top element, return false.
if (topElement != this.mappings.get(c)) {
return false;
}
} else {
// If it was an opening bracket, push to the stack.
stack.push(c);
}
}
// If the stack still contains elements, then it is an invalid expression.
return stack.isEmpty();
}
}
// https://leetcode.com/problems/valid-parentheses/solution/
Python:
class Solution(object):
def isValid(self, s):
"""
:type s: str
:rtype: bool
"""
# The stack to keep track of opening brackets.
stack = []
# Hash map for keeping track of mappings. This keeps the code very clean.
# Also makes adding more types of parenthesis easier
mapping = {")": "(", "}": "{", "]": "["}
# For every bracket in the expression.
for char in s:
# If the character is an closing bracket
if char in mapping:
# Pop the topmost element from the stack, if it is non empty
# Otherwise assign a dummy value of '#' to the top_element variable
top_element = stack.pop() if stack else '#'
# The mapping for the opening bracket in our hash and the top
# element of the stack don't match, return False
if mapping[char] != top_element:
return False
else:
# We have an opening bracket, simply push it onto the stack.
stack.append(char)
# In the end, if the stack is empty, then we have a valid expression.
# The stack won't be empty for cases like ((()
return not stack
# return stack == []
# https://leetcode.com/problems/valid-parentheses/solution/
(2)
C++:
#include <stack>
class Solution {
public:
bool isValid(string s) {
stack<char> paren;
for (char& c : s) {
switch (c) {
case '(':
case '{':
case '[': paren.push(c); break;
case ')': if (paren.empty() || paren.top()!='(') return false; else paren.pop(); break;
case '}': if (paren.empty() || paren.top()!='{') return false; else paren.pop(); break;
case ']': if (paren.empty() || paren.top()!='[') return false; else paren.pop(); break;
default: ; // pass
}
}
return paren.empty() ;
}
};
// https://leetcode.com/problems/valid-parentheses/discuss/9252/2ms-C%2B%2B-sloution
Java:
public boolean isValid(String s) {
Stack<Character> stack = new Stack<Character>();
for (char c : s.toCharArray()) {
if (c == '(')
stack.push(')');
else if (c == '{')
stack.push('}');
else if (c == '[')
stack.push(']');
else if (stack.isEmpty() || stack.pop() != c)
return false;
}
return stack.isEmpty();
}
// https://leetcode.com/problems/valid-parentheses/discuss/9178/Short-java-solution