python：序列操作

pyton序列分为 可变序列 和 非可变序列

可变序列： list(列表)

不可变序列：tuple(元组)  range（范围）str(字符串)

可变序列和非可变序列的通用操作

in  判断是否在序列中

>>> names = ['yang', 'zhang','chen']
>>> 'yang' in names
True
>>> 'yang' not in names
False
>>> scores = [1, 54, 15]
>>> 1 in scores
True

not in 判断是否不在序列中

>>> 1 not in scores
False

range 范围（一般用于循环）

list 创建序列

>>> yang = list(range(5))
>>> yang
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]

+ 连接两个序列

>>> x = [0,1,2]
>>> y = [3,4,5]
>>> x + y
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

* 创建相同序列内容

>>> x = [3]*5
>>> x
[3, 3, 3, 3, 3]

: 显示连续内容

>>> xing = ['yang', 'chen', 'zhang', 'li']
>>> xing[:2]
['yang', 'chen']

>>> xing[3:4]
['li']
>>> xing[3:]
['li']

:: 指定范围步长（默认是1）

>>> xing[::2]
['yang', 'zhang']
>>> xing[::1]
['yang', 'chen', 'zhang', 'li']

len(obj)获取序列长度

>>> len(xing)
4

max min 最大值 最小值

>>> scores = [1,5, 56,4,19]
>>> max(scores)
56
>>> min(scores)
1
>>> 

obj.index(s) 检索序列某个对象第一次出现位置

>>> scores.index(1)
0
>>> xing.index('li')
3
>>> 

obj.count(s) 检索序列某个对象出现次数

>>> score = [1,2,3,1,5,4,1,15]
>>> score.count(1)
3

可变序列通用操作

s[i] = x 改变某个位置元素的值

>>> s = list(range(1, 11))
>>> s
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
>>> s[0] = 100
>>> s
[100, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

>>> s[:3] = [14,15,14]
>>> s
[14, 15, 14, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
>>> s[:3] = [14,15,14,16,17]
>>> s
[14, 15, 14, 16, 17, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

del 删除元素

>>> l
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
>>> del l[0]
>>> l
[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
>>> del l[:3]
>>> l
[5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
>>> del l[::2]
>>> l
[6, 8, 10]

s.remove(x) 删除s中的值为x的元素

>>> m = [1,2,4,2,5]
>>> m.remove(2)
>>> m
[1, 4, 2, 5]

s.clear() 清空

>>> m.clear()
>>> m
[]

s.append(x) 追加（只能追加1个）

s.extend(x) 追加（追加多个）

>>> m = [1,5,4,3]
>>> m.append([7,8])
>>> m
[1, 5, 4, 3, [7, 8]]
>>> m.extend([10,11])
>>> m
[1, 5, 4, 3, [7, 8], 10, 11]

s.insert(i,x) 插入

>>> m.insert(1,100)
>>> m
[1, 100, 5, 4, 3, [7, 8], 10, 11]

pop() 删除

>>> m
[1, 100, 5, 4, 3, [7, 8], 10, 11]
>>> m.pop()
11
>>> m
[1, 100, 5, 4, 3, [7, 8], 10]
>>> result = m.pop(0)
>>> result
1

reverse()反转

>>> m.reverse()
>>> m
[10, [7, 8], 3, 4, 5, 100]

复制

= （注意：=号的复制 共享引用 m = n n元素值改变 m也会改变）

>>> n = list(range(1,11))
>>> n
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
>>> l = n
>>> l
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
>>> l[0]= 11
>>> l
[11, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
>>> n
[11, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

复制

s = [:]

>>> n = list(range(1,11))
>>> n
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
>>> s = n[:]
>>> s
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
>>> s[0] = 100
>>> s
[100, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
>>> n
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

复制

s = n.copy()

>>> s = n.copy()
>>> s
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
>>> s[0] = 101
>>> s
[101, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
>>> n
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

sort排序

>>> s
[101, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
>>> s.sort()
>>> s
[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 101]

>>> man
['a', 'cs', 'cf', 'as']
>>> man.sort()
>>> man
['a', 'as', 'cf', 'cs']

>>> s
[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 101]
>>> s.sort(reverse=True)
>>> s
[101, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2]

sorted(s) 排序s并返回结果 s不变

>>> s
[101, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2]
>>> sorted(s)
[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 101]
>>> s
[101, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2]