Linux下使用GPIO模拟I2C通讯

GPIO模拟I2C

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手动编写i2c的通信时序

读写操作执行步骤：

#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/gpio/consumer.h>
#include <linux/gpio.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>

#define IIC_SCL_GPIO 18
#define IIC_SDA_GPIO 19
// 定义IIC引脚
static struct gpio_desc *i2c_scl_gpio;
static struct gpio_desc *i2c_sda_gpio;
// i2c的起始信号
void i2c_start(void)
{
    gpio_set_value(i2c_scl_gpio, 1);
    gpio_set_value(i2c_sda_gpio, 1);
    mdelay(1);
    gpio_set_value(i2c_sda_gpio, 0);
    mdelay(1);
    gpio_set_value(i2c_scl_gpio, 0);
    mdelay(1);
}
// i2c的停止信号
void i2c_stop(void)
{
    gpio_set_value(i2c_scl_gpio, 0);
    gpio_set_value(i2c_sda_gpio, 0);
    mdelay(1);
    gpio_set_value(i2c_scl_gpio, 1);
    mdelay(1);
    gpio_set_value(i2c_sda_gpio, 1);
}

// i2c发送应答
void i2c_send_ack(int ack)
{
    gpiod_direction_output(i2c_scl_gpio, 0);
    if (ack)
    {
        gpio_set_value(i2c_sda_gpio, 0);
    }
    else
    {
        gpio_set_value(i2c_sda_gpio, 1);
    }
    gpiod_direction_output(i2c_scl_gpio, 1);
    mdelay(1);
    gpiod_direction_output(i2c_scl_gpio, 0);
}
// i2c接收应答
int i2c_recv_ack(void)
{
    int value = 0;
    gpiod_direction_input(i2c_sda_gpio);
    gpiod_direction_output(i2c_scl_gpio, 1);
    mdelay(1);
    if (gpiod_get_value(i2c_sda_gpio))
    {
        value = 1;
    }
    gpiod_direction_output(i2c_scl_gpio, 0);
    gpiod_direction_output(i2c_sda_gpio, 1);
    mdelay(1);
    return value;
}

// i2c接受一个字节的数据
int i2c_recv_byte(void)
{
    int i = 0;
    int temp = 0;
    int data = 0;
    gpiod_direction_input(i2c_sda_gpio);
    mdelay(1);
    for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
    {
        gpiod_direction_output(i2c_scl_gpio, 0);
        mdelay(1);
        gpiod_direction_output(i2c_scl_gpio, 1);
        mdelay(1);
        data = gpiod_get_value(i2c_sda_gpio);
        temp = (temp << 1) | data;
    }
    gpiod_direction_output(i2c_sda_gpio, 1);
    gpiod_direction_output(i2c_scl_gpio, 0);
    mdelay(5);
    return temp;
}
// i2c发送一个字节的数据
void i2c_send_byte(int data)
{
    int i = 0;
    int value;
    gpiod_direction_output(i2c_scl_gpio, 0);
    for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
    {
        value = (data << i) & 0x80;
        if (value)
        {
            gpio_direction_output(i2c_sda_gpio, 1);
        }
        else
        {
            gpio_direction_output(i2c_sda_gpio, 0);
        }
        gpiod_direction_output(i2c_scl_gpio, 1);
        mdelay(1);
        gpiod_direction_output(i2c_scl_gpio, 0);
        mdelay(1);
    }
}

// 写一个字节的数据到IIC总线上
void i2c_write_reg(int addr, int reg, int value)
{
    int ack;
    i2c_start();
    i2c_send_byte((addr << 1) | 0x00); // 写地址
    ack = i2c_recv_ack();
    if (ack)
    {
        printk("i2c_write_reg: write address failed\n");
        return;
    }
    i2c_send_byte(reg); // 写寄存器地址
    ack = i2c_recv_ack();
    if (ack)
    {
        printk("i2c_write_reg: write reg address failed\n");
        return;
    }
    i2c_send_byte(value); // 写数据
    ack = i2c_recv_ack();
    if (ack)
    {
        printk("i2c_write_reg: write data failed\n");
        return;
    }
    i2c_stop();
}

// 从IIC总线上读取一个字节的数据
int i2c_read_reg(int addr, int reg)
{
    int ack;
    int value;
    i2c_start();
    i2c_send_byte((addr << 1) | 0x00); // 写地址
    ack = i2c_recv_ack();
    if (ack)
    {
        printk("i2c_read_reg: write address failed\n");
        return -1;
    }
    i2c_send_byte(reg); // 写寄存器地址
    ack = i2c_recv_ack();
    if (ack)
    {
        printk("i2c_read_reg: write reg address failed\n");
        return -1;
    }
    i2c_start();
    i2c_send_byte((addr << 1) | 0x01); // 读地址
    ack = i2c_recv_ack();
    if (ack)
    {
        printk("i2c_read_reg: read address failed\n");
        return -1;
    }
    value = i2c_recv_byte(); // 读取数据
    i2c_send_ack(0);         // 发送应答
    i2c_stop();
    return value;
}

static int __init software_iic_init(void)
{
    // 获取GPIO引脚
    i2c_scl_gpio = gpio_to_desc(IIC_SCL_GPIO);
    i2c_sda_gpio = gpio_to_desc(IIC_SDA_GPIO);
    if (i2c_scl_gpio == NULL || i2c_sda_gpio == NULL)
    {
        printk("Failed to get GPIO descriptors\n");
        return -1;
    }
    // 设置GPIO引脚为输出模式，高电平
    gpiod_direction_output(i2c_scl_gpio, 1);
    gpiod_direction_output(i2c_sda_gpio, 1);

    return 0;
}

static void __exit software_iic_exit(void)
{
    gpio_put(i2c_scl_gpio);
    gpio_put(i2c_sda_gpio);
}

module_init(software_iic_init);
module_exit(software_iic_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

使用Linux提供的软件I2c：

1. 编译模拟i2c驱动到内核

Device Driver -->
	I2C support -->
        I2C hardware Bus support -->
            <*>GPIO-based bitbanging I2C

2. 模拟I2c驱动函数的路径：

driver/i2c/busses/i2c-gpio.c

3. 在设备树中添加节点：

i2c6:i2c6@gpiol{
    #address-cells = <1>;
    #size-cells = <0>
    compatible ="i2c-gpio";
    gpios = <&gpio0 RK_PB4 GPIO ACTIVEHIGH >,
            <&gpio0 RK_PB3 GPIO ACTIVE_HIGH>;
    i2c-gpio,delay-us = <5>
    status = "disabled";
}

&i2c61{
    status = "okay"
    myft5x06:my-ft5x06@38{
              compatible = "my-ft5x06"
                reg = <0x38>;   
    };

};