Linux文件I/O---Linux中的文件

内核中进程对应的结构为task_struct(/linux-2.6.30/include/linux/sched.h)，进程中文件表保存在files中：

struct task_struct {
    ......

    /* open file information */
    struct files_struct *files;

    ....
};

files_struct的结构代码(/linux-2.6.30/include/linux/fdtable.h)如下所示：

/*
 * Open file table structure
 */
struct files_struct {
  /*
   * read mostly part
   */
	atomic_t count;
	struct fdtable *fdt;
	struct fdtable fdtab;
  /*
   * written part on a separate cache line in SMP
   */
	spinlock_t file_lock ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
	int next_fd;
	struct embedded_fd_set close_on_exec_init;
	struct embedded_fd_set open_fds_init;
	struct file * fd_array[NR_OPEN_DEFAULT];
};

在Linux初始化过程中，对全局变量init_files进行初始化代码(/linux-2.6.30/fs/file.c)如下：

struct files_struct init_files = {
	.count		= ATOMIC_INIT(1),
	.fdt		= &init_files.fdtab,
	.fdtab		= {
		.max_fds	= NR_OPEN_DEFAULT,
		.fd		= &init_files.fd_array[0],
		.close_on_exec	= (fd_set *)&init_files.close_on_exec_init,
		.open_fds	= (fd_set *)&init_files.open_fds_init,
		.rcu		= RCU_HEAD_INIT,
	},
	.file_lock	= __SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED(init_task.file_lock),
};

init_files.fdt和init_files.fdtab.fd均分别指向自己已有的成员变量，并以此作为第一个默认值，后边的进程都是从init进程fork出来的。

fork的时候会调用dup_fd，在dup_fd中new_fdt的代码(/linux-2.6.30/fs/file.c)结构如下所示：

/*
 * Allocate a new files structure and copy contents from the
 * passed in files structure.
 * errorp will be valid only when the returned files_struct is NULL.
 */
struct files_struct *dup_fd(struct files_struct *oldf, int *errorp)
{
	struct files_struct *newf;
	struct file **old_fds, **new_fds;
	int open_files, size, i;
	struct fdtable *old_fdt, *new_fdt;

	*errorp = -ENOMEM;
	newf = kmem_cache_alloc(files_cachep, GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!newf)
		goto out;

	atomic_set(&newf->count, 1);

	spin_lock_init(&newf->file_lock);
	newf->next_fd = 0;
	new_fdt = &newf->fdtab;
	new_fdt->max_fds = NR_OPEN_DEFAULT;
	new_fdt->close_on_exec = (fd_set *)&newf->close_on_exec_init;
	new_fdt->open_fds = (fd_set *)&newf->open_fds_init;
	new_fdt->fd = &newf->fd_array[0];
	INIT_RCU_HEAD(&new_fdt->rcu);
	new_fdt->next = NULL;
    ......
}

初始化new_fdt同样是为了让new_fdt和new_fdt->fd指向其本身的成员变量fdtab和fd_array。

 

初始状态下，files_struct、fdtables和files的关系如下图所示