python 中string的基本操作

1 去空格和特殊字符

• strip(rm) 去掉字符串开头，和结尾处的rm
• lstrip(rm) 去掉字符串开头处的rm

• rstrip(rm) 去掉字符串结尾处的rm

  当rm为空时，默认删除空白符（包括\n’, ‘\r’, ‘\t’, ’ ‘）

>>> s = ' hello world '
>>> s.strip()
'hello world'

>>> s = '123456'
>>> s.strip('12')
'3456'

2 复制字符串

直接用=操作

>>> s = '123456'
>>> s1 = s
>>> s = '1234'
>>> print s1
123456

3 连接字符串

用+操作

>>> s1 = 'hello'
>>> s2 = 'world!'
>>> s1+=s2
>>> print s1
helloworld!

4 查找字符

#strchr(sStr1,sStr2)
... # < 0 为未找到
... sStr1 = 'strchr'
>>> sStr2 = 's'
>>> nPos = sStr1.index(sStr2)
>>> print nPos
0

5 比较字符串

#strcmp(sStr1,sStr2)
>>> sStr1 = 'strchr'
>>> sStr2 = 'strch'
>>> print cmp(sStr1,sStr2)
1

6 字符串长度

#strlen(sStr1)
>>> sStr1 = 'strlen'
>>> print len(sStr1)
6

7 转换字符串中的大小写

#strlwr()
>>> sStr1 = 'JCstrlwr'
>>> sStr1 = sStr1.upper()
>>> #sStr1 = sStr1.lower()
... print sStr1
JCSTRLWR

8 追加指定长度的字符串

#strncat(sStr1 , sStr2 , n )
>>> sStr1 = '12345'
>>> sStr2 = 'abcdef'
>>> n = 3
>>> sStr1 += sStr2[0:n]
>>> print sStr1
12345abc

9 字符串指定长度比较

#strncmp(sStr1 , sStr2 , n )
>>> sStr1 = '12345'
>>> sStr2 = '123bc'
>>> n = 3
>>> print cmp(sStr1[0:n],sStr2[0:n])
0

10 复制指定长度字符串

#strncpy(sStr1 , sStr2 , n )
>>> sStr1 = ''
>>> sStr2 = '12345'
>>> n = 3
>>> sStr1 = sStr2[0:n]
>>> print sStr1
123

11 字符串替换

变量.replace(“被替换的内容”，”替换后的内容”[，次数])，替换次数可以为空，即表示替换所有。要注意的是使用replace替换字符串后仅为临时变量，需重新赋值才能保存。

>>> str = 'akakak'
>>> str = str.replace('k','8')
>>> print str
a8a8a8

12 将字符串的前n个字符替换为指定字符

#strnset(sStr1,ch,n)
>>> sStr1 = '12345'
>>> ch = 'r'
>>> n = 3
>>> sStr1 = n * ch + sStr1[3:]
>>> print sStr1
rrr45

13 扫描字符串

#strpbrk(sStr1,sStr2)
sStr1 = 'cekjgdklab'
sStr2 = 'gka'
nPos = -1
for c in sStr1:
    if c in sStr2:
        nPos = sStr1.index(c)
        break
print nPos

14 翻转字符串

#strrev(sStr1)
>>> sStr1 = 'abcdefg'
>>> sStr1 = sStr1[::-1]
>>> print sStr1
gfedcba

15 查找字符串

#strstr(sStr1,sStr2)
>>> sStr1 = 'abcdefg'
>>> sStr2 = 'cde'
>>> print sStr1.find(sStr2)
2

16 分割字符串

#strtok(sStr1,sStr2)
>>> s = 'ab,cde,fgh,ijk'
>>> print(s.split(','))
['ab', 'cde', 'fgh', 'ijk']

17 连接字符串

>>> delimiter = ','
>>> mylist = ['Brazil', 'Russia', 'India', 'China']
>>> print delimiter.join(mylist)
Brazil,Russia,India,China

18 截取字符串

str = ’0123456789′
print str[0:3] #截取第一位到第三位的字符
print str[:] #截取字符串的全部字符
print str[6:] #截取第七个字符到结尾
print str[:-3] #截取从头开始到倒数第三个字符之前
print str[2] #截取第三个字符
print str[-1] #截取倒数第一个字符
print str[::-1] #创造一个与原字符串顺序相反的字符串
print str[-3:-1] #截取倒数第三位与倒数第一位之前的字符
print str[-3:] #截取倒数第三位到结尾