Servlet:
1. 概念
2. 步骤
3. 执行原理
4. 生命周期
5. Servlet3.0 注解配置
6. Servlet的体系结构
Servlet -- 接口
|
GenericServlet -- 抽象类
|
HttpServlet -- 抽象类
* GenericServlet:将Servlet接口中其他的方法做了默认空实现,只将service()方法作为抽象
* 将来定义Servlet类时,可以继承GenericServlet,实现service()方法即可
* HttpServlet:对http协议的一种封装,简化操作
1. 定义类继承HttpServlet
2. 复写doGet/doPost方法
7. Servlet相关配置
1. urlpartten:Servlet访问路径
1. 一个Servlet可以定义多个访问路径 : @WebServlet({"/d4","/dd4","/ddd4"})
2. 路径定义规则:
1. /xxx:路径匹配
2. /xxx/xxx:多层路径,目录结构
3. *.do:扩展名匹配
HTTP:
* 概念:Hyper Text Transfer Protocol 超文本传输协议
* 传输协议:定义了,客户端和服务器端通信时,发送数据的格式
* 特点:
1. 基于TCP/IP的高级协议
2. 默认端口号:80
3. 基于请求/响应模型的:一次请求对应一次响应
4. 无状态的:每次请求之间相互独立,不能交互数据
* 历史版本:
* 1.0:每一次请求响应都会建立新的连接
* 1.1:复用连接
* 请求消息数据格式
1. 请求行
请求方式 请求url 请求协议/版本
GET /login.html HTTP/1.1
* 请求方式:
* HTTP协议有7中请求方式,常用的有2种
* GET:
1. 请求参数在请求行中,在url后。
2. 请求的url长度有限制的
3. 不太安全
* POST:
1. 请求参数在请求体中
2. 请求的url长度没有限制的
3. 相对安全
2. 请求头:客户端浏览器告诉服务器一些信息
请求头名称: 请求头值
* 常见的请求头:
1. User-Agent:浏览器告诉服务器,我访问你使用的浏览器版本信息
* 可以在服务器端获取该头的信息,解决浏览器的兼容性问题
2. Referer:http://localhost/login.html
* 告诉服务器,我(当前请求)从哪里来?
* 作用:
1. 防盗链:
2. 统计工作:
3. 请求空行
空行,就是用于分割POST请求的请求头,和请求体的。
4. 请求体(正文):
* 封装POST请求消息的请求参数的
* 字符串格式:
POST /login.html HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:60.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/60.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Referer: http://localhost/login.html
Connection: keep-alive
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
username=zhangsan
* 响应消息数据格式
Request:
(一) request对象和response对象的原理
1. request和response对象是由服务器创建的。我们来使用它们
2. request对象是来获取请求消息,response对象是来设置响应消息
(二)request对象继承体系结构:
ServletRequest -- 接口
| 继承
HttpServletRequest -- 接口
| 实现
org.apache.catalina.connector.RequestFacade 类(tomcat)
(三) request功能:
(1) 获取请求消息数据
1. 获取请求行数据
* GET /day14/demo1?name=zhangsan HTTP/1.1
* 方法:
1. 获取请求方式 :GET
* String getMethod()
2. (*)获取虚拟目录:/day14
* String getContextPath()
3. 获取Servlet路径: /demo1
* String getServletPath()
4. 获取get方式请求参数:name=zhangsan
* String getQueryString()
5. (*)获取请求URI:/day14/demo1
* String getRequestURI(): /day14/demo1
* StringBuffer getRequestURL():
http://localhost/day14/demo1
* URL:统一资源定位符 : http://localhost/day14/demo1
中华人民共和国
* URI:统一资源标识符 : /day14/demo1
* 共和国
6. 获取协议及版本:HTTP/1.1
* String getProtocol()
7. 获取客户机的IP地址:
* String getRemoteAddr()
package web.request;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* 演示Request对象获取数据
*/
@WebServlet("/requestDemo1")
public class RequestDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1.获取请求方式:GET
String method = request.getMethod();
System.out.println(method);
//(*)2.获取虚拟目录:/day13
String contextPath = request.getContextPath();
System.out.println(contextPath);
//3.获取Servet路径:/demo1
String servletPath = request.getServletPath();
System.out.println(servletPath);
//4.获取get方式请求参数:name=zhangsan
String querString = request.getQueryString();
System.out.println(querString);
//5.(*)获取请求的url:/day13/demo1
String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();
StringBuffer requestURL = request.getRequestURL();
System.out.println(requestURI);
System.out.println(requestURL);
//6.获取协议及版本;Http/1.1
String protocol = request.getProtocol();
System.out.println(protocol);
//7.获取客户机的IP地址:
String remoteAddr = request.getRemoteAddr();
System.out.println(remoteAddr);
}
}
2.获取请求头数据
*方法:
(*)*String getHeader(String name): 用过请求头的名称获取请求头的值
*Enumeration<String> getHeaderNames():获取所有的请求头名称
获取所有请求头以及值:
package web.request;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
/*
演示获取请求头数据
*/
@WebServlet("/requestDemo2")
public class RequestDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1.获取所有请求头名称
Enumeration<String> headerNames = request.getHeaderNames();
//2.遍历
while (headerNames.hasMoreElements()){
String name = headerNames.nextElement();
//根据名称获取请求头的值
String header = request.getHeader(name);
System.out.println(name+"--"+header);
}
}
}
获取单个请求头的值—告诉服务器客户端的版本,断agent的浏览器版本,从而解决不同浏览器的兼容性问题:
package web.request;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
/*
演示获取请求头数据
*/
@WebServlet("/requestDemo3")
public class RequestDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//获取所有请求头名称数据:user-agent 告诉服务器客户端的版本
String agent = request.getHeader("user-agent");
//判断agent的浏览器版本,从而解决不同浏览器的兼容性问题
if(agent.contains("Chrome")){
System.out.println("谷歌来了");
}else if (agent.contains("Firefox")){
System.out.println("火狐来了");
}
}
}
获取所有请求头名称数据:referer 从哪一个位置来到该文件,来达到防盗链目的:
- 要在html中弄一个超链接来到该页面。
package web.request;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
/*
演示获取请求头数据
*/
@WebServlet("/requestDemo4")
public class RequestDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//获取所有请求头名称数据:referer 从哪一个位置来到该文件
String referer = request.getHeader("referer");
System.out.println(referer);
//防盗链
if (referer!=null){
if (referer.contains("/day13")){a'a'c
//正常访问
System.out.println("播放电影。。。");
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
response.getWriter().write("播放电影。。。");
}else{
//盗链
System.out.println("想看电影来优酷");
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
response.getWriter().write("想看电影来优酷。。。");
}
}
}
}
3.获取请求体数据
*请求体:只有POST请求方式,才有请求体,在请求体种封装了POST请求的请求参数
*步骤:
1.获取流对象
*BufferdReader getReader():获取字符输入流,只能操作字符数据。
*ServletInputStream getInputStream():获取字节输入流,可以操作所有类型的数据(在文件上传知识点后讲解)
2.再从流对象中拿数据。
测试:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/day13/requestDemo5" method="post">
<input type="text" placeholder="输入用户名" name="username"><br>
<input type="text" placeholder="输入密码" name="password"><br>
<input type="submit" value="注册">
</form>
</body>
</html>
package web.request;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/requestDemo5")
public class RequestDemo5 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//获取请求消息体--请求参数
//1.获取字符流
BufferedReader reader = req.getReader();
//2.读取数据
String line = null;
while ((line = reader.readLine())!=null){
System.out.println(line);
}
}
}
(二)其他功能:
1.获取请求参数通用方式:get和post都可以用下列方法获取请求参数
(*)1.String getParamenter(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值
例如:username=zs
传入username返回zs
修改method的参数来验证get和post都可以获取请求参数
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/day13/requestDemo6" method="get">
<input type="text" placeholder="输入用户名" name="username"><br>
<input type="text" placeholder="输入密码" name="password"><br>
<input type="submit" value="注册">
</form>
</body>
</html>
package web.request;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/requestDemo6")
public class RequestDemo6 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//post获取请求参数
String username = req.getParameter("username");
System.out.println("post");
System.out.println(username);
}
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//get获取请求参数
String username = req.getParameter("username");
System.out.println("get");
System.out.println(username);
}
}
当get和post非常相似时候,可以代码只写一份:
package web.request;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/requestDemo6")
public class RequestDemo6 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//post获取请求参数
String username = req.getParameter("username");
System.out.println("post");
System.out.println(username);
}
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//get获取请求参数
this.doPost(req,resp)
}
}
2.String[] getParamenterValues(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值的数组
例如:hobby=xx&hobby=game
传入hobby返回数组 xx、game
多用于复选框获取参数
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/day13/requestDemo6" method="get">
<input type="text" placeholder="输入用户名" name="username"><br>
<input type="text" placeholder="输入密码" name="password"><br>
<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="game">游戏
<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="study">学习
<br>
<input type="submit" value="注册">
</form>
</body>
</html>
package web.request;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/requestDemo6")
public class RequestDemo6 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//post获取请求参数
String username = req.getParameter("username");
String[] hobbys = req.getParameterValues("hobby");
for (String hobby:hobbys){
System.out.println(hobby);
}
}
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//get获取请求参数
this.doPost(req,resp);
}
}
3.getParameterNames():获取所有请求的参数名称
获取所有参数名称的枚举
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/day13/requestDemo6" method="get">
<input type="text" placeholder="输入用户名" name="username"><br>
<input type="text" placeholder="输入密码" name="password"><br>
<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="game">游戏
<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="study">学习
<br>
<input type="submit" value="注册">
</form>
</body>
</html>
package web.request;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
@WebServlet("/requestDemo6")
public class RequestDemo6 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//post获取请求参数
//获取所有请求的参数名称
Enumeration<String> parameterNames = req.getParameterNames();
while (parameterNames.hasMoreElements()){
String name = parameterNames.nextElement();
System.out.println(name);
String value = req.getParameter(name);
System.out.println(value);
System.out.println("----------");
}
}
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(req,resp);
}
}
(*)4.Map<String,String[]> getParameterMap();获取所有参数的map集合
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/day13/requestDemo6" method="get">
<input type="text" placeholder="输入用户名" name="username"><br>
<input type="text" placeholder="输入密码" name="password"><br>
<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="game">游戏
<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="study">学习
<br>
<input type="submit" value="注册">
</form>
</body>
</html>
package web.request;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
@WebServlet("/requestDemo6")
public class RequestDemo6 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//post获取请求参数
//获取所有参数的map集合
Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = req.getParameterMap();
//遍历
Set<String> keySet = parameterMap.keySet();
for (String name:keySet){
//根据key过去值
String[] values = parameterMap.get(name);
System.out.println(name);
for (String value:values){
System.out.println(value);
}
System.out.println("----------------");
}
}
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//get获取请求参数
this.doPost(req,resp);
}
}
中文乱码问题:
get方式:tomcat8已经将get方式乱码问题解决了
post方式:会乱码
解决:在获取参数前,设置request的编码request.setCharcterEncding("utf-8);
2.请求转发:一种在服务器内部的资源跳转方式
服务器内部:A的资源访问B的资源。
1.步骤:
1.通过reques对象获取请求转发器对象:
RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher(String path)
2.使用RequestDistpatcher对象来进行转发:forward(ServletRequest request,ServlectResponse response)
2.特点:
1.浏览器地址栏路径没有发生改变
2.只能转发到当前服务器内部资源中
3.转发是一次请求
3.共享数据:
域对象:一个有作用范围的对象,可以在范围内共享数据
request域:代表一次请求的范围,一般用于请求转发多个资源中共享数据
方法:
1.void setAttribute(String name,Object obj):存储数据
2.Object getAttribut(String name):通过键获取值
3.void removeAttribute(String name):通过键移除键值对
A存储了数据,传到B,B可以访问
package web.request;
import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/requestDemo8")
public class RequestDemo8 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("demo8被访问了");
//存储到request域中
req.setAttribute("msg","hellow");
RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = req.getRequestDispatcher("/requestDemo9");
requestDispatcher.forward(req,resp);
}
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(req,resp);
}
}
package web.request;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/requestDemo9")
public class RequestDemo9 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("demo9被访问了");
//获取数据
Object msg = req.getAttribute("msg");
System.out.println(msg);
}
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(req,resp);
}
}
4.获取ServletContext:
ServletContext servletContext = req.getServletContext();
案例:
用户登录案例需求:
1.编写login.html登录页面
username & password 两个输入框
2.使用Druid数据库连接池技术,操作mysql,day14数据库中user表
3.使用JdbcTemplate技术封装JDBC
4.登录成功跳转到SuccessServlet展示:登录成功!用户名,欢迎您
5.登录失败跳转到FailServlet展示:登录失败,用户名或密码错误
- 开发步骤:
1.创建项目,导入html页面,配置文件,jar包
2.创建数据库环境
CREATE DATABASE day13;
USE day13;
CREATE TABLE USER(
id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
username VARBINARY(32) UNIQUE NOT NULL,
PASSWORD VARBINARY(32) NOT NULL
);
3.创建包,创建类User,对应user表
package domain;
/*
用户的实体类
*/
public class User {
private int id;
private String username;
private String password;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"id=" + id +
", username='" + username + '\'' +
", password='" + password + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
4.创建包dao,创建类UserDao,提供login的方法