[python3.6 flask web学习]使用Flask-Mail发送邮件

首先进入虚拟环境安装flask-mail扩展模块

pip install flask-mail

发送邮件需要配置发送邮件的服务器。flask-mail固定的配置变量名如下

在macos或者linux操作系统中使用export命令导入环境变量

export MAIL_USERNAME = username
export MAIL_PASSWORD = passowrd

windows操作系统

set MAIL_USERNAME = username
set MAIL_PASSWORD = passoword

同步发送电子邮件

import os
# ...
app.config['MAIL_SERVER'] = 'smtp.googlemail.com' //stmp邮箱服务器
app.config['MAIL_PORT'] = 587 //端口
from flask.ext.mail import Message
from flask.ext.mail import Mail 
#...
app.config['MAIL_SUBJECT_PREFIX'] = '[prefix]' //邮件主题前缀
app.config['MAIL_SENDER'] = 'Admin <test@test.test>'

mail = Mail(app)

def send_email(to, subject, template, **kwargs):
    msg = Message(app.config['MAIL_SUBJECT_PREFIX'] + subject, sender = app.config['MAIL_SENDER'], recipients=[to])
    msg.body = render_template(template + '.txt', **kwargs)
    msg.html = render_template(template + '.html', **kwargs)
    mail.send(msg) //调用mail实例的send函数发送邮件
app.config['MAIL_USE_TLS'] = True //是否采用安全协议app.config['MAIL_USERNAME'] = os.environ.get('MAIL_USERNAME') //从环境变量中获取用户名
app.config['MAIL_PASSWORD'] = os.environ.get('MAIL_PASSWORD') //从环境变量中获取密码，一般这种数据配置在环境变量中，防止隐私信息不消息被公布

使用这种方式发送邮件当然是可以的，但是如果网络或者邮件服务器有问题，导致发送邮件出问题或者缓慢，将会导致整个程序运行阻塞。因此最好的方式新开线程异步发送

新增异步发送方法

from threading import Thread

def send_async_email(app, msg):
    with app.app_context():
        mail.send(msg)

def send_mail(to, subject, template, **kwargs):
    msg = Message(app.config['MAIL_SUBJECT_PREFIX'] + subject, sender = app.config['MAIL_SENDER'], recipient=[to])
    msg.body = render_template(template + '.txt', **kwargs)
    msg.html = render_template(template + '.html', **kwargs)
    th = Thread(target = send_async_email, args=[app, msg])
    th.start()
    return th

当然生产环境中如果有很多邮件发送会创建大量大线程，一般是发送到队列中执行。

import os
# ...
app.config['MAIL_SERVER'] = 'smtp.googlemail.com' //stmp邮箱服务器
app.config['MAIL_PORT'] = 587 //端口
from flask.ext.mail import Message
from flask.ext.mail import Mail 
#...
app.config['MAIL_SUBJECT_PREFIX'] = '[prefix]' //邮件主题前缀
app.config['MAIL_SENDER'] = 'Admin <test@test.test>'

mail = Mail(app)

def send_email(to, subject, template, **kwargs):
    msg = Message(app.config['MAIL_SUBJECT_PREFIX'] + subject, sender = app.config['MAIL_SENDER'], recipients=[to])
    msg.body = render_template(template + '.txt', **kwargs)
    msg.html = render_template(template + '.html', **kwargs)
    mail.send(msg) //调用mail实例的send函数发送邮件

app.config['MAIL_USE_TLS'] = True //是否采用安全协议app.config['MAIL_USERNAME'] = os.environ.get('MAIL_USERNAME') //从环境变量中获取用户名app.config['MAIL_PASSWORD'] = os.environ.get('MAIL_PASSWORD') //从环境变量中获取密码，一般这种数据配置在环境变量中，防止隐私信息不消息被公布