多线程学习笔记-5.AQS

@TOC

1. AQS的使用原因

2. Semaphore和AQS的关系

不止Samaphore,其他协助类和锁，例如CountDownLatch, ReentrantLock都是内部引入Sync类，这个类继承AQS,因此可以实现AQS的功能

3. AQS的理解和作用

3.1 AQS的地位

3.2 AQS的作用

4. AQS内部原理解析

4.1 state状态

在可重入锁中的使用原理

4.2 控制线程枪锁和配合的FIFO队列

4.3 获取/释放等重要方法

获取方法

释放方法

不同的协作类有不同的实现

5. AQS应用实例、源码解析

5.1 AQS用法

5.2 CountDownLatch源码分析

构造方法

 public CountDownLatch(int count) {
        if (count < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("count < 0");
        this.sync = new Sync(count);
    }

将count传入到Sync类进行处理

getCount

 public long getCount() {
        return sync.getCount();
    }

最终会调用AQS的获取状态方法

countDown

 public void countDown() {
        sync.releaseShared(1);
    }

 public final boolean releaseShared(int arg) {
        if (tryReleaseShared(arg)) { // 倒数到0
            doReleaseShared(); // 将等待的线程全部唤醒
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

tryReleaseShared的实现

protected boolean tryReleaseShared(int releases) {
            // Decrement count; signal when transition to zero
            for (;;) { // CAS自旋
                int c = getState();
                if (c == 0) // 已经释放过，无需再释放
                    return false;
                int nextc = c-1; // 减1
                if (compareAndSetState(c, nextc)) // cas更新
                    return nextc == 0; // 倒数完了，返回true
            }
        }

await

public void await() throws InterruptedException {
        sync.acquireSharedInterruptibly(1);
    }

  private void doAcquireSharedInterruptibly(int arg)
        throws InterruptedException {
        final Node node = addWaiter(Node.SHARED);//包装的node节点放线程
        boolean failed = true;
        try {
            for (;;) {
                final Node p = node.predecessor();
                if (p == head) {
                    int r = tryAcquireShared(arg);
                    if (r >= 0) {
                        setHeadAndPropagate(node, r);
                        p.next = null; // help GC
                        failed = false;
                        return;
                    }
                }
                if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
                    parkAndCheckInterrupt()) // 将线程挂起， 进行阻塞
                    throw new InterruptedException();
            }
        } finally {
            if (failed)
                cancelAcquire(node);
        }
    }

5.3 AQS在Semaphore的应用

public void acquire(int permits) throws InterruptedException {
        if (permits < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        sync.acquireSharedInterruptibly(permits);
    }

• 会调用AQS类的tryAcquireShared

public final void acquireSharedInterruptibly(int arg)
            throws InterruptedException {
        if (Thread.interrupted())
            throw new InterruptedException();
        if (tryAcquireShared(arg) < 0) // 剩下的许可证-要获取的数量，负数，表示不能获取，需要等待
            doAcquireSharedInterruptibly(arg);
    }

• tryAcquireShared方法的实现在Semaphore中的实现有公平和非公平两种

• 非公平

 protected int tryAcquireShared(int acquires) {
            return nonfairTryAcquireShared(acquires);
        }

 final int nonfairTryAcquireShared(int acquires) {
            for (;;) { // cas自旋
                int available = getState(); // 获取当前剩余许可证的数量
                int remaining = available - acquires;// 为负数，表示获取不到
                if (remaining < 0 ||
                    compareAndSetState(available, remaining))
                    return remaining;
            }
        }

5.4 AQS在ReentrantLock的应用

释放锁

public void unlock() {
        sync.release(1);
    }

 public final boolean release(int arg) {
        if (tryRelease(arg)) { // 返回true,锁被释放
            Node h = head;
            if (h != null && h.waitStatus != 0)
                unparkSuccessor(h); // 唤醒线程
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

 protected final boolean tryRelease(int releases) {
            int c = getState() - releases; // 状态减1
            if (Thread.currentThread() != getExclusiveOwnerThread())
                throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
            boolean free = false;
            if (c == 0) { // 状态为0时，才释放
                free = true;
                setExclusiveOwnerThread(null);
            }
            setState(c);
            return free;
        }

加锁方法

• 先判断state是不是为0, 然后判断当前线程是否持有锁，如果持有，可以重入，如果都不是，当前线程不能拿到锁，只能放到等待队列中

public void lock() {
        sync.lock();
    }

abstract void lock();

   final void lock() {
            if (compareAndSetState(0, 1)) // cas判断
                setExclusiveOwnerThread(Thread.currentThread());
            else
                acquire(1); // 上不了锁，会执行此方法
        }

 public final void acquire(int arg) {
        if (!tryAcquire(arg) &&
            acquireQueued(addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE), arg)) // 放到队列
            selfInterrupt();
    }

protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
            return nonfairTryAcquire(acquires);
        }

final boolean nonfairTryAcquire(int acquires) {
            final Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
            int c = getState();
            if (c == 0) {
                if (compareAndSetState(0, acquires)) {
                    setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
                    return true;
                }
            }
            else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) { // 锁重入
                int nextc = c + acquires;
                if (nextc < 0) // overflow
                    throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
                setState(nextc);
                return true;
            }
            return false; // 被其他线程持有，不能上锁
        }