【夜莺监控方案】05-监控postgre 集群（prometheuse+n9e+postgres_exporter）

前言

• 目前使用prometheus+n9e监控 postgre。
• 之前用grafana+promethues监控见《prometheuse+grafna监控postgre集群》
• 相关文档如下：
  《01-n9e-v5 部署-server》
  《01-n9e-v5部署-agent》
  《02-容器监控-cadvisor+n9e》
  《03-k8s集群监控（上）》
  《03-k8s集群监控（下）》
  《04-监控redis集群-prometheuse+n9e》

环境说明

服务器	IP地址	服务
监控服务器	10.10.xxx.64	prometheus/n9e
k8s-vip	10.10.xxx.100	k8s平台vip，部署了postgre集群

1. 安装 postgres_exporter

• 编排文件
  创建/opt/postgres_exporter目录，下边创建 docker-compose.yml 文件，内容如下：

version: '3.3'
services:
  postgres_exporter:
    image: wrouesnel/postgres_exporter
    container_name: postgres_exporter
    #network_mode: "host"
    expose:
      - "9187"
    ports:
      - "9187:9187"
    restart: always
    environment:
          DATA_SOURCE_NAME: "postgresql://stolon:xxxxxx@k8scto.xxxxx.com.cn:30009/postgres?sslmode=disable"

说明：
DATA_SOURCE_NAME 的值解释为： “postgresql://用户名:密码@链接地址:端口/默认库?sslmode=disable”

• 启动

docker-compose up -d

• 查看

[root@monitor postgres_exporter]# docker-compose ps
      Name               Command         State           Ports
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
postgres_exporter   /postgres_exporter   Up      0.0.0.0:9187->9187/tcp

• web访问
  

2. prometheus 配置

• prometheus.yml 文件增加postgre配置

###############  liubei  ###########################
  - job_name: 'postgre-k8s-pub'
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['10.10.xxx.64:9187']
        labels:
          cluster: 'postgre-k8s-pub'

• 重启prometheus
• 查看结果

3. n9e 配置

3.1 导入指标释义

• 入口
  
• 导入监控项文本如下：

暂时没有仔细看
直接从pg_exporter的web页面导出来软件翻译了一下

pg_exporter_last_scrape_duration_seconds:pg_exporter上次抓取持续时间秒[lw]
pg_exporter_last_scrape_error:pg_exporter上次抓取错误[lw]
pg_exporter_scrapes_total:pg_exporter采集总数[lw]
pg_locks_count:锁计数[lw]
pg_replication_slots_active:复制槽活动[lw]
pg_replication_slots_pg_wal_lsn_diff:[lw]
pg_settings_allow_system_table_mods:设置允许系统表mods[lw]
pg_settings_archive_timeout_seconds:设置存档超时秒[lw]
pg_settings_array_nulls:设置数组空值[lw]
pg_settings_authentication_timeout_seconds:设置身份验证超时秒[lw]
pg_settings_autovacuum:设置自动清理[lw]
pg_settings_autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor:设置autovacuum分析比例因子[lw]
pg_settings_autovacuum_analyze_threshold:设置autovacuum分析阈值[lw]
pg_settings_autovacuum_freeze_max_age:设置autovacuum冻结最大年龄[lw]
pg_settings_autovacuum_max_workers:设置autovacuum最大工人[lw]
pg_settings_autovacuum_multixact_freeze_max_age:设置autovacuummultixactfreezemaxage[lw]
pg_settings_autovacuum_naptime_seconds:设置autovacuum午睡时间秒[lw]
pg_settings_autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay_seconds:设置autovacuum真空成本延迟秒[lw]
pg_settings_autovacuum_vacuum_cost_limit:设置autovacuum真空成本限制[lw]
pg_settings_autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor:设置autovacuum真空比例因子[lw]
pg_settings_autovacuum_vacuum_threshold:设置autovacuum真空阈值[lw]
pg_settings_autovacuum_work_mem_bytes:设置autovacuum工作内存字节[lw]
pg_settings_backend_flush_after_bytes:设置后端刷新字节后[lw]
pg_settings_bgwriter_delay_seconds:设置bgwriter延迟秒[lw]
pg_settings_bgwriter_flush_after_bytes:设置bgwriter在字节后刷新[lw]
pg_settings_bgwriter_lru_maxpages:设置bgwriterlrumaxpages[lw]
pg_settings_bgwriter_lru_multiplier:设置bgwriterlru乘数[lw]
pg_settings_block_size:设置块大小[lw]
pg_settings_bonjour:设置卓悦[lw]
pg_settings_check_function_bodies:设置检查函数体[lw]
pg_settings_checkpoint_completion_target:设置检查点完成目标[lw]
pg_settings_checkpoint_flush_after_bytes:字节后设置检查点刷新[lw]
pg_settings_checkpoint_timeout_seconds:设置检查点超时秒[lw]
pg_settings_checkpoint_warning_seconds:设置检查点警告秒[lw]
pg_settings_commit_delay:设置提交延迟[lw]
pg_settings_commit_siblings:设置提交兄弟[lw]
pg_settings_cpu_index_tuple_cost:设置cpu索引元组成本[lw]
pg_settings_cpu_operator_cost:设置cpu运营商成本[lw]
pg_settings_cpu_tuple_cost:设置cpu元组成本[lw]
pg_settings_cursor_tuple_fraction:设置游标元组分数[lw]
pg_settings_data_checksums:设置数据校验和[lw]
pg_settings_db_user_namespace:设置数据库用户命名空间[lw]
pg_settings_deadlock_timeout_seconds:设置死锁超时秒[lw]
pg_settings_debug_assertions:设置调试断言[lw]
pg_settings_debug_pretty_print:设置调试漂亮的打印[lw]
pg_settings_debug_print_parse:设置调试打印解析[lw]
pg_settings_debug_print_plan:设置调试打印计划[lw]
pg_settings_debug_print_rewritten:设置调试打印重写[lw]
pg_settings_default_statistics_target:设置默认统计目标[lw]
pg_settings_default_transaction_deferrable:设置默认事务可延迟[lw]
pg_settings_default_transaction_read_only:设置默认事务只读[lw]
pg_settings_default_with_oids:oids的默认设置[lw]
pg_settings_effective_cache_size_bytes:设置有效缓存大小字节[lw]
pg_settings_effective_io_concurrency:设置有效io并发[lw]
pg_settings_enable_bitmapscan:设置启用位图扫描[lw]
pg_settings_enable_gathermerge:设置启用gathermerge[lw]
pg_settings_enable_hashagg:设置启用hashagg[lw]
pg_settings_enable_hashjoin:设置启用hashjoin[lw]
pg_settings_enable_indexonlyscan:设置启用indexonlyscan[lw]
pg_settings_enable_indexscan:设置启用索引扫描[lw]
pg_settings_enable_material:设置启用材质[lw]
pg_settings_enable_mergejoin:设置启用合并连接[lw]
pg_settings_enable_nestloop:设置启用Nestloop[lw]
pg_settings_enable_seqscan:设置启用seqscan[lw]
pg_settings_enable_sort:设置启用排序[lw]
pg_settings_enable_tidscan:设置启用tidscan[lw]
pg_settings_escape_string_warning:设置转义字符串警告[lw]
pg_settings_exit_on_error:设置出错时退出[lw]
pg_settings_extra_float_digits:设置额外的浮点数[lw]
pg_settings_from_collapse_limit:来自折叠限制的设置[lw]
pg_settings_fsync:设置fsync[lw]
pg_settings_full_page_writes:设置整页写入[lw]
pg_settings_geqo:设置geqo[lw]
pg_settings_geqo_effort:设置geqo努力[lw]
pg_settings_geqo_generations:设置geqo代[lw]
pg_settings_geqo_pool_size:设置geqo池大小[lw]
pg_settings_geqo_seed:设置geqo种子[lw]
pg_settings_geqo_selection_bias:设置geqo选择偏差[lw]
pg_settings_geqo_threshold:设置geqo阈值[lw]
pg_settings_gin_fuzzy_search_limit:设置gin模糊搜索限制[lw]
pg_settings_gin_pending_list_limit_bytes:设置gin待定列表限制字节[lw]
pg_settings_hot_standby:设置热备[lw]
pg_settings_hot_standby_feedback:设置热备反馈[lw]
pg_settings_idle_in_transaction_session_timeout_seconds:设置空闲事务会话超时秒数[lw]
pg_settings_ignore_checksum_failure:设置忽略校验和失败[lw]
pg_settings_ignore_system_indexes:设置忽略系统索引[lw]
pg_settings_integer_datetimes:设置整数日期时间[lw]
pg_settings_join_collapse_limit:设置加入折叠限制[lw]
pg_settings_krb_caseins_users:设置krb酪蛋白用户[lw]
pg_settings_lock_timeout_seconds:设置锁定超时秒[lw]
pg_settings_lo_compat_privileges:设置lo兼容权限[lw]
pg_settings_log_autovacuum_min_duration_seconds:设置日志autovacuummindurationseconds[lw]
pg_settings_log_checkpoints:设置日志检查点[lw]
pg_settings_log_connections:设置日志连接[lw]
pg_settings_log_disconnections:设置日志断开连接[lw]
pg_settings_log_duration:设置日志持续时间[lw]
pg_settings_log_executor_stats:设置日志执行器统计信息[lw]
pg_settings_log_file_mode:设置日志文件模式[lw]
pg_settings_logging_collector:设置日志收集器[lw]
pg_settings_log_hostname:设置日志主机名[lw]
pg_settings_log_lock_waits:设置日志锁定等待[lw]
pg_settings_log_min_duration_statement_seconds:设置日志最小持续时间语句秒[lw]
pg_settings_log_parser_stats:设置日志解析器统计信息[lw]
pg_settings_log_planner_stats:设置日志计划统计[lw]
pg_settings_log_replication_commands:设置日志复制命令[lw]
pg_settings_log_rotation_age_seconds:设置日志轮换年龄秒[lw]
pg_settings_log_rotation_size_bytes:设置日志轮换大小字节[lw]
pg_settings_log_statement_stats:设置日志语句统计[lw]
pg_settings_log_temp_files_bytes:设置日志临时文件字节[lw]
pg_settings_log_truncate_on_rotation:设置日志在轮换时截断[lw]
pg_settings_maintenance_work_mem_bytes:设置维护工作内存字节[lw]
pg_settings_max_connections:设置最大连接数[lw]
pg_settings_max_files_per_process:设置每个进程的最大文件数[lw]
pg_settings_max_function_args:设置最大函数参数[lw]
pg_settings_max_identifier_length:设置最大标识符长度[lw]
pg_settings_max_index_keys:设置最大索引键[lw]
pg_settings_max_locks_per_transaction:设置每个事务的最大锁数[lw]
pg_settings_max_logical_replication_workers:设置最大逻辑复制工作者[lw]
pg_settings_max_parallel_workers:设置最大并行工作者[lw]
pg_settings_max_parallel_workers_per_gather:设置每个收集的最大并行工作人员[lw]
pg_settings_max_pred_locks_per_page:设置每页最大预锁数[lw]
pg_settings_max_pred_locks_per_relation:设置每个关系的最大pred锁[lw]
pg_settings_max_pred_locks_per_transaction:设置每个事务的最大pred锁[lw]
pg_settings_max_prepared_transactions:设置最大准备交易[lw]
pg_settings_max_replication_slots:设置最大复制槽[lw]
pg_settings_max_stack_depth_bytes:设置最大堆栈深度字节[lw]
pg_settings_max_standby_archive_delay_seconds:设置最大待机存档延迟秒[lw]
pg_settings_max_standby_streaming_delay_seconds:设置最大待机流媒体延迟秒[lw]
pg_settings_max_sync_workers_per_subscription:设置每个订阅的最大同步工人数[lw]
pg_settings_max_wal_senders:设置最大沃尔玛发件人[lw]
pg_settings_max_wal_size_bytes:设置最大wal大小字节[lw]
pg_settings_max_worker_processes:设置最大工作进程[lw]
pg_settings_min_parallel_index_scan_size_bytes:设置最小并行索引扫描大小字节[lw]
pg_settings_min_parallel_table_scan_size_bytes:设置最小并行表扫描大小字节[lw]
pg_settings_min_wal_size_bytes:设置最小wal大小字节[lw]
pg_settings_old_snapshot_threshold_seconds:设置旧快照阈值秒[lw]
pg_settings_operator_precedence_warning:设置操作员优先警告[lw]
pg_settings_parallel_setup_cost:设置并行设置成本[lw]
pg_settings_parallel_tuple_cost:设置并行元组成本[lw]
pg_settings_port:设置端口[lw]
pg_settings_post_auth_delay_seconds:设置后认证延迟秒[lw]
pg_settings_pre_auth_delay_seconds:设置预认证延迟秒[lw]
pg_settings_quote_all_identifiers:设置引用所有标识符[lw]
pg_settings_random_page_cost:设置随机页面成本[lw]
pg_settings_replacement_sort_tuples:设置替换排序元组[lw]
pg_settings_restart_after_crash:崩溃后重新启动设置[lw]
pg_settings_row_security:设置行安全[lw]
pg_settings_segment_size_bytes:设置段大小字节[lw]
pg_settings_seq_page_cost:设置seq页面成本[lw]
pg_settings_server_version_num:设置服务器版本号[lw]
pg_settings_shared_buffers_bytes:设置共享缓冲区字节[lw]
pg_settings_ssl:设置ssl[lw]
pg_settings_ssl_prefer_server_ciphers:设置ssl更喜欢服务器密码[lw]
pg_settings_standard_conforming_strings:设置标准符合字符串[lw]
pg_settings_statement_timeout_seconds:设置语句超时秒[lw]
pg_settings_superuser_reserved_connections:设置超级用户保留连接[lw]
pg_settings_synchronize_seqscans:设置同步seqscans[lw]
pg_settings_syslog_sequence_numbers:设置系统日志序列号[lw]
pg_settings_syslog_split_messages:设置系统日志拆分消息[lw]
pg_settings_tcp_keepalives_count:设置tcpkeepalives计数[lw]
pg_settings_tcp_keepalives_idle_seconds:设置tcpkeepalives空闲秒数[lw]
pg_settings_tcp_keepalives_interval_seconds:设置tcpkeepalives间隔秒[lw]
pg_settings_temp_buffers_bytes:设置临时缓冲区字节[lw]
pg_settings_temp_file_limit_bytes:设置临时文件限制字节[lw]
pg_settings_trace_notify:设置跟踪通知[lw]
pg_settings_trace_sort:设置跟踪排序[lw]
pg_settings_track_activities:设置跟踪活动[lw]
pg_settings_track_activity_query_size:设置跟踪活动查询大小[lw]
pg_settings_track_commit_timestamp:设置跟踪提交时间戳[lw]
pg_settings_track_counts:设置轨道计数[lw]
pg_settings_track_io_timing:设置跟踪io计时[lw]
pg_settings_transaction_deferrable:设置事务可延期[lw]
pg_settings_transaction_read_only:设置事务只读[lw]
pg_settings_transform_null_equals:设置转换null等于[lw]
pg_settings_unix_socket_permissions:设置unix套接字权限[lw]
pg_settings_update_process_title:设置更新过程标题[lw]
pg_settings_vacuum_cost_delay_seconds:设置真空成本延迟秒[lw]
pg_settings_vacuum_cost_limit:设置真空成本限制[lw]
pg_settings_vacuum_cost_page_dirty:设置真空成本页面脏[lw]
pg_settings_vacuum_cost_page_hit:设置真空成本页面命中[lw]
pg_settings_vacuum_cost_page_miss:设置真空成本页面未命中[lw]
pg_settings_vacuum_defer_cleanup_age:设置真空延迟清理年龄[lw]
pg_settings_vacuum_freeze_min_age:设置真空冷冻最小年龄[lw]
pg_settings_vacuum_freeze_table_age:设置真空冷冻表年龄[lw]
pg_settings_vacuum_multixact_freeze_min_age:设置真空multixact冷冻最小年龄[lw]
pg_settings_vacuum_multixact_freeze_table_age:设置真空multixact冷冻表年龄[lw]
pg_settings_wal_block_size:设置wal块大小[lw]
pg_settings_wal_buffers_bytes:设置wal缓冲字节[lw]
pg_settings_wal_compression:设置wal压缩[lw]
pg_settings_wal_keep_segments:设置沃尔玛保持段[lw]
pg_settings_wal_log_hints:设置wal日志提示[lw]
pg_settings_wal_receiver_status_interval_seconds:设置wal接收器状态间隔秒[lw]
pg_settings_wal_receiver_timeout_seconds:设置wal接收器超时秒数[lw]
pg_settings_wal_retrieve_retry_interval_seconds:设置wal检索重试间隔秒[lw]
pg_settings_wal_segment_size_bytes:设置wal段大小字节[lw]
pg_settings_wal_sender_timeout_seconds:设置wal发件人超时秒[lw]
pg_settings_wal_writer_delay_seconds:设置walwriter延迟秒[lw]
pg_settings_wal_writer_flush_after_bytes:设置walwriter在字节后刷新[lw]
pg_settings_work_mem_bytes:设置工作内存字节[lw]
pg_settings_zero_damaged_pages:设置零损坏页面[lw]
pg_stat_activity_count:统计活动计数[lw]
pg_stat_activity_max_tx_duration:统计活动最大交易持续时间[lw]
pg_stat_archiver_archived_count:统计归档器归档计数[lw]
pg_stat_archiver_failed_count:统计存档失败计数[lw]
pg_stat_archiver_last_archive_age:统计归档器上次归档时间[lw]
pg_stat_bgwriter_buffers_alloc:statbgwriter缓冲区分配[lw]
pg_stat_bgwriter_buffers_backend:statbgwriter缓冲后端[lw]
pg_stat_bgwriter_buffers_backend_fsync:statbgwriter缓冲后端fsync[lw]
pg_stat_bgwriter_buffers_checkpoint:statbgwriter缓冲区检查点[lw]
pg_stat_bgwriter_buffers_clean:statbgwriter缓冲区干净[lw]
pg_stat_bgwriter_checkpoints_req:statbgwriter检查点请求[lw]
pg_stat_bgwriter_checkpoints_timed:统计bgwriter检查点定时[lw]
pg_stat_bgwriter_checkpoint_sync_time:statbgwriter检查点同步时间[lw]
pg_stat_bgwriter_checkpoint_write_time:statbgwriter检查点写入时间[lw]
pg_stat_bgwriter_maxwritten_clean:statbgwritermaxwrittenclean[lw]
pg_stat_bgwriter_stats_reset:statbgwriterstats重置[lw]
pg_stat_database_blk_read_time:stat数据库blk读取时间[lw]
pg_stat_database_blks_hit:stat数据库blks命中[lw]
pg_stat_database_blks_read:stat数据库blks读取[lw]
pg_stat_database_blk_write_time:stat数据库blk写入时间[lw]
pg_stat_database_conflicts:统计数据库冲突[lw]
pg_stat_database_conflicts_confl_bufferpin:stat数据库冲突conflbufferpin[lw]
pg_stat_database_conflicts_confl_deadlock:stat数据库冲突confl死锁[lw]
pg_stat_database_conflicts_confl_lock:stat数据库冲突confl锁[lw]
pg_stat_database_conflicts_confl_snapshot:stat数据库冲突confl快照[lw]
pg_stat_database_conflicts_confl_tablespace:stat数据库冲突confl表空间[lw]
pg_stat_database_deadlocks:stat数据库死锁[lw]
pg_stat_database_numbackends:stat数据库numbackends[lw]
pg_stat_database_stats_reset:stat数据库stats重置[lw]
pg_stat_database_temp_bytes:stat数据库临时字节[lw]
pg_stat_database_temp_files:stat数据库临时文件[lw]
pg_stat_database_tup_deleted:stat数据库tup已删除[lw]
pg_stat_database_tup_fetched:已获取stat数据库tup[lw]
pg_stat_database_tup_inserted:stat数据库tup插入[lw]
pg_stat_database_tup_returned:stat数据库tup返回[lw]
pg_stat_database_tup_updated:stat数据库tup已更新[lw]
pg_stat_database_xact_commit:stat数据库xact提交[lw]
pg_stat_database_xact_rollback:stat数据库xact回滚[lw]
pg_static:静止的[lw]
pg_stat_replication_pg_current_wal_lsn_bytes:stat复制pg当前wallsn字节[lw]
pg_stat_replication_pg_wal_lsn_diff:stat复制pgwallsndiff[lw]
pg_up:运行[lw]

3.2 配置图表

3.2.1 手动配置（方法一）

参考《04-监控redis集群-prometheuse+n9e》中“3.2 配置图表"

3.2.2 导入模板（方法二）

模板内容如下：

[
  {
    "id": 0,
    "name": "mysql监控",
    "tags": "",
    "configs": "",
    "chart_groups": [
      {
        "id": 0,
        "dashboard_id": 0,
        "name": "Default chart group",
        "weight": 0,
        "charts": [
          {
            "id": 56,
            "group_id": 12,
            "configs": "{\"name\":\"mysql-dom-ha\",\"mode\":\"prometheus\",\"link\":\"http://127.0.0.1:9090\",\"prome_ql\":[\"mysql_global_status_aborted_clients\"],\"layout\":{\"h\":2,\"w\":8,\"x\":0,\"y\":0,\"i\":\"0\"}}",
            "weight": 0
          },
          {
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---