mysql left join中on后加条件判断和where中加条件的区别

left join中关于where和on条件的几个知识点：

1.多表left join是会生成一张临时表，并返回给用户

2.where条件是针对最后生成的这张临时表进行过滤，过滤掉不符合where条件的记录，是真正的不符合就过滤掉。

3.on条件是对left join的右表进行条件过滤，但依然返回左表的所有行，右表中没有的补为NULL

4.on条件中如果有对左表的限制条件，无论条件真假，依然返回左表的所有行,但是会影响右表的匹配值。也就是说on中左表的限制条件只影响右表的匹配内容，不影响返回行数。

结论：

1.where条件中对左表限制，不能放到on后面

2.where条件中对右表限制，放到on后面，会有数据行数差异，比原来行数要多

测试：

创建两张表：

CREATE TABLE t1(id INT,name VARCHAR(20));

insert into `t1`(`id`,`name`) values (1,'a11');

insert into `t1`(`id`,`name`) values (2,'a22');

insert into `t1`(`id`,`name`) values (3,'a33');

insert into `t1`(`id`,`name`) values (4,'a44');

CREATE TABLE t2(id INT,local VARCHAR(20));

insert into `t2`(`id`,`local`) values (1,'beijing');

insert into `t2`(`id`,`local`) values (2,'shanghai');

insert into `t2`(`id`,`local`) values (5,'chongqing');

insert into `t2`(`id`,`local`) values (6,'tianjin');

测试01：返回左表所有行，右表符合on条件的原样匹配，不满足条件的补NULL

root@localhost:cuigl 11:04:25 >SELECT t1.id,t1.name,t2.local FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON t1.id=t2.id;

+------+------+----------+

| id | name | local |

+------+------+----------+

| 1 | a11 | beijing |

| 2 | a22 | shanghai |

| 3 | a33 | NULL |

| 4 | a44 | NULL |

+------+------+----------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

测试02：on后面增加对右表的限制条件：t2.local='beijing'

结论02：左表记录全部返回，右表筛选条件生效

root@localhost:cuigl 11:19:42 >SELECT t1.id,t1.name,t2.local FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON t1.id=t2.id and t2.local='beijing';

+------+------+---------+

| id | name | local |

+------+------+---------+

| 1 | a11 | beijing |

| 2 | a22 | NULL |

| 3 | a33 | NULL |

| 4 | a44 | NULL |

+------+------+---------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

测试03：只在where后面增加对右表的限制条件：t2.local='beijing'

结论03：针对右表，相同条件，在where后面是对最后的临时表进行记录筛选，行数可能会减少；在on后面是作为匹配条件进行筛选，筛选的是右表的内容。

root@localhost:cuigl 11:20:07 >SELECT t1.id,t1.name,t2.local FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON t1.id=t2.id where t2.local='beijing';

+------+------+---------+

| id | name | local |

+------+------+---------+

| 1 | a11 | beijing |

+------+------+---------+

1 row in set (0.01 sec)

测试04：t1.name='a11' 或者 t1.name='a33'

结论04：on中对左表的限制条件，不影响返回的行数，只影响右表的匹配内容

root@localhost:cuigl 11:24:46 >SELECT t1.id,t1.name,t2.local FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON t1.id=t2.id and t1.name='a11';

+------+------+---------+

| id | name | local |

+------+------+---------+

| 1 | a11 | beijing |

| 2 | a22 | NULL |

| 3 | a33 | NULL |

| 4 | a44 | NULL |

+------+------+---------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

root@localhost:cuigl 11:25:04 >SELECT t1.id,t1.name,t2.local FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON t1.id=t2.id and t1.name='a33';

+------+------+-------+

| id | name | local |

+------+------+-------+

| 1 | a11 | NULL |

| 2 | a22 | NULL |

| 3 | a33 | NULL |

| 4 | a44 | NULL |

+------+------+-------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

测试05：where t1.name='a33' 或者 where t1.name='a22'

结论05：where条件是在最后临时表的基础上进行筛选，显示只符合最后where条件的行

root@localhost:cuigl 11:25:15 >SELECT t1.id,t1.name,t2.local FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON t1.id=t2.id where t1.name='a33';

+------+------+-------+

| id | name | local |

+------+------+-------+

| 3 | a33 | NULL |

+------+------+-------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

root@localhost:cuigl 11:27:27 >SELECT t1.id,t1.name,t2.local FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON t1.id=t2.id where t1.name='a22';

+------+------+----------+

| id | name | local |

+------+------+----------+

| 2 | a22 | shanghai |

+------+------+----------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)