第二章: Everything is an Object

第二章: Everything is an Object：

1、Where storage lives:

1. Registers.

2. The stack.

3. The heap.

4. Static storage. 

5. Constant storage. 

6. Non-RAM storage.

2、Special case: primitive types

Primitive type	Size	Minimum	Maximum	Wrapper type
boolean	—	—	—	Boolean
char	16-bit	Unicode 0	Unicode 216- 1	Character
byte	8-bit	-128	+127	Byte
short	16-bit	-215	+215—1	Short
int	32-bit	-231	+231—1	Integer
long	64-bit	-263	+263—1	Long
float	32-bit	IEEE754	IEEE754	Float
double	64-bit	IEEE754	IEEE754	Double
void	—	—	—	Void

3、Arrays in Java

When you create an array of objects, you are really creating an array of references, and each of those references is automatically initialized to a special value with its own keyword: null.

You can also create an array of primitives. Again, the compiler guarantees initialization because it zeroes the memory for that array.

4、Creating new data types: class

When a primitive data type is a member of a class, it is guaranteed to get a default value if you do not initialize it:

Primitive type	Default
boolean	false
char	‘/u 0000’ (null)
byte	(byte)0
short	(short)0
int	0
long	0L
float	0.0f
double	0.0d

This guarantee doesn’t apply to “local” variables—those that are not fields of a class. Thus

5、Comments and embedded documentation

There are two primary ways to use javadoc: embed HTML or use “doc tags.” Standalone doc tags are commands that start with a ‘@’ and are placed at the beginning of a comment line.

There are three “types” of comment documentation, which correspond to the element the comment precedes: class, variable, or method.