多线程（生产者与消费者例子）

线程间进行通信时，生产者与消费者模式得到了很广泛的应用。下面是用java实现的一个例子。

import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class Test2 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Restaurant restaurant = new Restaurant();
        Product product = new Product(restaurant);
        Consumer consumer = new Consumer(restaurant);
        
        int cpus = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();
        ExecutorService service = new ThreadPoolExecutor(cpus, cpus * 2, 2, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(16), new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());
        service.submit(product);
        service.submit(consumer);
        service.shutdown();
    }
}

/**
 * 生产者
 */
class Product extends Thread {

    private Restaurant restaurant;

    public Product(Restaurant restaurant) {
        this.restaurant = restaurant;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (!restaurant.isFlag()) {
            restaurant.addNumbers();
            restaurant.push(new Meal(restaurant.getNumbers()));
            System.out.println("厨师正在制作第----" + restaurant.getNumbers() + "----份食物");
        }
    }
}

/**
 * 消费者
 */
class Consumer extends Thread {

    private Restaurant restaurant;

    public Consumer(Restaurant restaurant) {
        this.restaurant = restaurant;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (!restaurant.isFlag()) {
            Meal meal = restaurant.pop();
            System.out.println("消费者站在消费第----" + meal.getId() + "----份食物");
        }
    }
}

class Meal {
    private int id;

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public Meal(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
}

class Restaurant {
    /**
     * 缓冲区大小
     */
    private static final int BUFFER_SIZE = 20;
    /**
     * 缓冲区，存放食物的数组
     */
    Meal[] meals = new Meal[BUFFER_SIZE];
    /**
     * 缓冲区下标
     */
    private int count = 0;

    /**
     * 制作的总份数
     */
    private int numbers = 0;
    /**
     * 餐厅休息标志
     */
    private boolean flag = false;
    /**
     * 厨师一天制作最大数量
     */
    private static final int MAX_COUNT = 10;

    public int getNumbers() {
        return numbers;
    }

    public void addNumbers() {
        this.numbers++;
    }

    public boolean isFlag() {
        return flag;
    }

    public void setFlag(boolean flag) {
        this.flag = flag;
    }

    /**
     * 生产食物
     *
     * @param meal
     */
    public synchronized void push(Meal meal) {
        //大于缓冲区，等待，去消费食物
        if (count == BUFFER_SIZE - 1) {
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        //制作食物
        count++;
        meals[count] = meal;
        //唤起所有等待的线程
        this.notifyAll();
        if (numbers == MAX_COUNT) {
            setFlag(true);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 消费食物
     */
    public synchronized Meal pop() {
        //缓冲区没有食物，等待，去制作食物
        if (count == 0) {
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        //消费食物
        Meal meal = meals[count];
        count--;
        //唤起所有等待的线程
        this.notifyAll();
        return meal;
    }
}