volatile 详解

我在开发中也常常遇到这个问题， 发现通常用在两个方面， 一方面是对硬件寄存器或固定内 存的访问，一般要用到，这就是我们常常在寄存器的头文件常常看到的，另一个就是在多线 程，或主程序和中断共享，全局变量常常用到。言归正传，看看老外是怎么说的:

 Introduction to the Volatile Keyword 认识关键字

Volatile The use of volatile is poorly understood by many programmers. This is not surprising, as most C t exts dismiss it in a sentence or two. 很多程序员对于 volatile 的用法都不是很熟悉。这并不奇怪，很多介绍 C 语言的书籍对于他 的用法都闪烁其辞。

Have you experienced any of the following in your C/C++ embedded code? ? Code that works fine-until you turn optimization on ? Code that works fine-as long as interrupts are disabled ? Flaky hardware drivers ? Tasks that work fine in isolation-yet crash when another task is enabled 在你们使用 C/C++语言开发嵌入式系统的时候，遇到过以下的情况么？ ? 一打开编译器的编译优化选项，代码就不再正常工作了； ? 中断似乎总是程序异常的元凶； ? 硬件驱动工作不稳定； ? 多任务系统中，单个任务工作正常，加入任何其他任务以后，系统就崩溃了。

If you answered yes to any of the above, it's likely that you didn't use the C keyword volatile. You aren't alone. The use of volatile is poorly understood by many programmers. This is not surprising, as most C texts dismiss it in a sentence or two. 如果你曾经向别人请教过和以上类似的问题，至少说明，你还没有接触过 C 语言关键字 volatile 的用法。这种情况，你不是第一个遇到。很多程序员对于 volatile 都几乎一无所知。 大部分介绍 C 语言的文献对于它都闪烁其辞。

volatile is a qualifier that is applied to a variable when it is declared. It tells the compiler that the v alue of the variable may change at any time-without any action being taken by the code the compil er finds nearby. The implications of this are quite serious. However, before we examine them, let's take a look at the syntax. Volatile 是一个变量声明限定词。它告诉编译器，它所修饰的变量的值可能会在任何时刻被 意外的更新，即便与该变量相关的上下文没有任何对其进行修改的语句。造成这种“意外更 新”的原因相当复杂。在我们分析这些原因之前，我们先回顾一下与其相关的语法。

Syntax 语法

To declare a variable volatile, include the keyword volatile before or after the data type in the varia ble definition. For instance both of these declarations will declare foo to be a volatile integer: 要想给一个变量加上 volatile 限定，只需要在变量类型声明附之前/后加入一个 volatile 关键 字就可以了。 下面的两个实例是等效的， 它们都是将 foo 声明为一个“需要被实时更新”的 int 型变量。

  volatile int foo; int volatile foo;

 Now, it turns out that pointers to volatile variables are very common. Both of these declarations de clare foo to be a pointer to a volatile integer: 同样，声明一个指向 volatile 型变量的指针也是非常类似的。下面的两个声明都是将 f