5. Vue异步操作
1 axios介绍
-
在Vue中发送异步请求，本质上还是AJAX。我们可以使用axios这个插件来简化操作！
-
使用步骤
1.引入axios核心js文件。
2.调用axios对象的方法来发起异步请求。
3.调用axios对象的方法来处理响应的数据。 -
axios常用方法
-
代码实现
- html代码
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>异步操作</title> <script src="js/vue.js"></script> <!-- 引入axios核心js文件 --> <script src="js/axios-0.18.0.js"></script> </head> <body> <div id="div"> {{name}} <!--全称写法 v-on:click="send()" --> <button @click="send()">发起请求</button> </div> </body> <script> new Vue({ el:"#div", data:{ name:"张三", age:18 }, methods:{ send(){ //1.发送异步请求 /* 说明： 1.后台url的地址 "http://localhost:8080/axiosDemo01Servlet" */ axios.get("http://localhost:8080/axiosDemo01Servlet") .then(resp=>{ console.log(resp.data); }); } } }); </script> </html>- java代码 后续后讲解，这里不用理会
package com.itheima.sh.a_vue_axios_01; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.IOException; @WebServlet("/axiosDemo01Servlet") public class AxiosDemo01Servlet extends HttpServlet { protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(request, response); } protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { System.out.println("hello vue"); response.getWriter().print("你好vue"); } }
2 案例练习
案例: 点击登录时将用户信息提交到后台，并接收后台服务器响应的好友信息显示到页面上。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>异步请求案例</title>
<script src="js/vue.js"></script>
<script src="js/axios-0.18.0.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<!--
vue
1. 视图
2. 脚本
data改变,视图会随之改变
我们从服务器获取数据,只要修改data,视图就会改变
我们无需在js中直接操作视图了
-->
<div id="div">
<h1>登录页面</h1>
<!--
v-model="user.username" :使用双向数据表绑定
-->
<input type="text" name="username" placeholder="请输入用户名" v-model="user.username"> <br>
<input type="password" name="password" placeholder="请输入密码" v-model="user.password"><br>
<button @click="send()">登录</button>
<h1>主页: 显示好友列表</h1>
<ul>
<li v-for="element in list">
{{element.id}},{{element.name}},{{element.age}}
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</body>
<script>
new Vue({
el: "#div",
data: {
//TODO; 由于表单双向数据绑定的存在,当用户操作表单时,user就会有数据(json格式)
user: {},
list: []
},
methods: {
send: function () {
//1.当点击登录按钮，向后台发送请求获取好友列表，并将用户名和密码数据提交到后台
/*
说明：
1.向后台请求地址：http://localhost:8080/axiosDemo02Servlet
2.this.user就是json格式的数据：{"username":"锁哥","password":"1234"}
*/
axios.post("http://localhost:8080/axiosDemo02Servlet",this.user)//this.user就是json格式的数据：{"username":"锁哥","password":"1234"}
.then(resp=>{
//2.接收响应数据
let obj = resp.data;
//3.判断
if(obj.flag){
//查询成功
//4.将后台响应的集合数据赋值给data中的list
this.list=obj.valueData;
}else{
//查询失败
}
});
}
}
});
</script>
</html>
后台代码：（后面学习）
package com.itheima.sh.a_vue_axios_01;
import com.itheima.sh.util.BaseController;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
@WebServlet("/axiosDemo02Servlet")
public class AxiosDemo02Servlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
try {
//1.创建集合对象保存多个好友
ArrayList<Friend> list = new ArrayList<>();
//2.向集合添加数据
Collections.addAll(list, new Friend("001", "张三", 18), new Friend("002", "李四", 19),
new Friend("003", "王五", 20));
//3.将list放到Result对象中
Result result = new Result(true, "查询好友成功", list);
//4.将result对象转换json并响应给前端
BaseController.printResult(response, result);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
try {
//6.将list放到Result对象中
Result result = new Result(false, "查询好友失败");
//7.将result对象转换json并响应给前端
BaseController.printResult(response, result);
} catch (Exception exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
package com.itheima01.vue;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class Friend implements Serializable {
private String id;
private String name;
private Integer age;
public Friend() {
}
public Friend(String id, String name, Integer age) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
package com.itheima01.vue;
import java.io.Serializable;
/*
javaBean的规范 (java标准实体类)
1. private属性
2. public 无参构造
3. public get/set 方法
4. 实现serializable接口 (序列化)
*/
public class User implements Serializable {
private String username;
private String password;
public User() {
}
public User(String username, String password) {
this.username = username;
this.password = password;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"username='" + username + '\'' +
", password='" + password + '\'' +
'}';
}
//TODO: 自己采用字符串拼接的方式输出。
public String toJson() {
return "{\"username\":\""+username+"\",\"password\":"+password+"}";
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
}
package com.itheima01.vue;
import java.io.Serializable;
/*
Result : 结果
*/
public class Result implements Serializable {
private boolean flag;//执行结果，true为执行成功 false为执行失败
private String message;//返回结果信息
private Object data;//返回数据(如果是查询成功则设置,如果是其他情况则不设置)
public Result() {
}
//失败,或者增删改
public Result(boolean flag, String message){
this.flag = flag;
this.message = message;
}
//成功的查询
public Result(boolean flag, String message, Object data) {
this.flag = flag;
this.message = message;
this.data = data;
}
public boolean isFlag() {
return flag;
}
public void setFlag(boolean flag) {
this.flag = flag;
}
public String getMessage() {
return message;
}
public void setMessage(String message) {
this.message = message;
}
public Object getData() {
return data;
}
public void setData(Object data) {
this.data = data;
}
}
package com.itheima01.vue;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import javax.servlet.ServletInputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
public class BaseController {
/**
* post请求参数为json格式的数据 转换成 javaBean
*/
public static <T>T getBean(HttpServletRequest request,Class<T> clazz) throws IOException {
ServletInputStream is = request.getInputStream();
T t = JSON.parseObject(is, clazz);
return t;
}
public static void printResult(HttpServletResponse response, Result result) throws IOException {
response.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
String json = JSON.toJSONString(result);
response.getWriter().print(json);
}
}
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!--fastjson-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.47</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
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