spring - Bean的实例化方式

Bean的实例化

1 Bean是如何创建的【理解】

bean本质上就是对象，创建bean使用构造方法完成

2 实例化Bean的三种方式

2.1 构造方法方式【重点】

• BookDaoImpl实现类

public class BookDaoImpl implements BookDao {
    public BookDaoImpl() {
        System.out.println("book dao constructor is running ....");
    }
    public void save() {
        System.out.println("book dao save ...");
    }
}

• applicationContext.xml配置

<!--方式一：构造方法实例化bean-->
<bean id="bookDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.BookDaoImpl"/>

• AppForInstanceBook测试类

public class AppForInstanceBook {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");

        BookDao bookDao = (BookDao) ctx.getBean("bookDao");

        bookDao.save();
    }
}

注意：无参构造方法如果不存在，将抛出异常BeanCreationException

2.2 静态工厂方式

• OrderDao接口和OrderDaoImpl实现类

public interface OrderDao {
    public void save();
}
public class OrderDaoImpl implements OrderDao {
    public void save() {
        System.out.println("order dao save ...");
    }
}

• OrderDaoFatory工厂类

//静态工厂创建对象
public class OrderDaoFactory {
    public static OrderDao getOrderDao(){
        System.out.println("factory setup....");
        return new OrderDaoImpl();
    }
}

• applicationContext.xml配置

<!--方式二：使用静态工厂实例化bean-->
<bean id="orderDao" class="com.itheima.factory.OrderDaoFactory" factory-method="getOrderDao"/>

• AppForInstanceOrder测试类

public class AppForInstanceOrder {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");

        OrderDao orderDao = (OrderDao) ctx.getBean("orderDao");

        orderDao.save();
    }
}

2.3 实例工厂方式

• UserDao接口和UserDaoImpl实现类

public interface UserDao {
    public void save();
}
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
    public void save() {
        System.out.println("user dao save ...");
    }
}

• UserDaoFactory工厂类

//实例工厂创建对象
public class UserDaoFactory {
    public UserDao getUserDao(){
        return new UserDaoImpl();
    }
}

• applicationContext.xml配置

<!--方式三：使用实例工厂实例化bean-->
<bean id="userFactory" class="com.itheima.factory.UserDaoFactory"/>

<bean id="userDao" factory-method="getUserDao" factory-bean="userFactory"/>

• AppForInstanceUser测试类

public class AppForInstanceUser {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //        //创建实例工厂对象
        //        UserDaoFactory userDaoFactory = new UserDaoFactory();
        //        //通过实例工厂对象创建对象
        //        UserDao userDao = userDaoFactory.getUserDao();
        //        userDao.save();
        ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        UserDao userDao = (UserDao) ctx.getBean("userDao");
        userDao.save();
    }
}

2.4 实现FactoryBean<T>方式【扩展,了解】

• 定义UserDaoFactoryBean实现FactoryBean<UserDao>

UserDaoFactoryBean中实例化什么类型的对象泛型就是该类型。

//FactoryBean创建对象
public class UserDaoFactoryBean implements FactoryBean<UserDao> {
    //代替原始实例工厂中创建对象的方法
    public UserDao getObject() throws Exception {
        return new UserDaoImpl();
    }

    public Class<?> getObjectType() {
        return UserDao.class;
    }
}

• applicationContext.xml配置

<!--方式四：使用FactoryBean实例化bean-->
<bean id="userDao" class="com.itheima.factory.UserDaoFactoryBean"/>

使用之前的AppForInstanceUser测试类去运行看结果就行了。注意配置文件中id="userDao"是否重复。