R语言12-绘图总结

1. 组距
2. 数据间隔
3. 填充/边框
4. 轴标签
5. 坐标轴/背景色

• 组距(bindwidth)/数据间隔
  组距：根据最大值，最小值确定每组组距(直方图的组宽，一个里面表示多少个x轴间隔)
  数据间隔：将breaks参数传给scale_x_continuous图层，包括起始点，终点和间隔(坐标轴上显示间隔)

qplot示例：

qplot(x=friend_count,data = pf,binwidth=25)+
  scale_x_continuous(limits = c(0,1000),
                     breaks = seq(0,1000,50))

ggplot示例：

ggplot(aes(x = friend_count), data = pf) +
  geom_histogram(binwidth = 25) +
  scale_x_continuous(limits = c(0, 1000), breaks = seq(0, 1000, 50))

• 填充(fill)/边框(color)

qplot示例：

qplot(x=tenure,data = pf,binwidth=30,
      color=I('black'),fill=I('#F79420'))  

ggplot示例：

ggplot(aes(x = tenure), data = pf) +
   geom_histogram(binwidth = 30, color = 'black', fill = '#099DD9')

• 轴标签：使用xlab和ylab 改变坐标轴名称

qplot示例：

qplot(x=tenure/365,data = pf,binwidth=0.25,
      xlab = 'number of years using facebook',
      ylab = 'number of users in sample',
      color=I('black'),fill=I('pink'))+
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq(1,7,1),lim = c(0,7))

ggplot示例：

ggplot(aes(x = friend_count, y = ..count../sum(..count..)), data = subset(pf, !is.na(gender))) +
  geom_freqpoly(aes(color = gender), binwidth=10) + 
  scale_x_continuous(limits = c(0, 1000), breaks = seq(0, 1000, 50)) + 
  xlab('好友数量') + 
  ylab('Percentage of users with that friend count')

• 坐标轴/背景色(theme)

改变背景色+去掉网格线

ggplot(aes(x = age), data = pf) +
  geom_histogram(binwidth = 1, fill = '#5760AB')+
  theme(panel.background = element_rect(fill="#DCDCDC"),
        panel.grid = element_blank())

x轴字体旋转90°

+theme(axis.text.x=element_text(angle = 90,hjust = 1,vjust=0,size=8))  #hjust 控制水平对齐和 vjust 控制垂直对齐	

调整坐标轴字号

+theme(axis.text = element_text(size = 5) )

查看更多作图相关变换：https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/theme.html
https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/element.html