30-过滤器Filter

过滤器

常见应用

• 拦截请求
  • 处理中文乱码
  • 登录验证(权限检查)

Filter过滤器的使用步骤

1. 编写一个类去实现Filter接口
2. 实现过滤方法 doFilter()
3. 到 web.xml中去配置 Filter的拦截路径。

乱码解决Filter代码演示

servlet程序

package com.tian.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class MyServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

        resp.getWriter().write("乱码测试");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

Filter过滤器

package com.tian.filter;

import javax.servlet.*;
import java.io.IOException;

public class CharacterEncodingFilter implements Filter {
    //初始化  web服务器启动，就已经初始化了，随时等待规律对象出现！
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("CharacterEncodingFilter初始化");
    }

    /**
     *chain : 链
     * 过滤中的所有代码。在过滤特定请求的时候都会执行
     * 必须要让过滤器继续通行
     *     filterChain.doFilter(request,response);
     */
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        System.out.println("CharacterEncodingFilter执行前");
        filterChain.doFilter(request,response);//让我们的请求继续走，如果不写，程序到这里就停止了
        System.out.println("CharacterEncodingFilter执行后");
    }
    //销毁  web服务器关闭的时候，过滤会销毁
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("CharacterEncodingFilter销毁");
    }
}

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">


<servlet>
    <servlet-name>MyServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.tian.servlet.MyServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>MyServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/servlet/myServlet</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>MyServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/myServlet</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <filter>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>com.tian.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<!--     只要是 /servlet的任何请求，都会经过这个过滤器   -->
        <url-pattern>/servlet/*</url-pattern>
<!--        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>-->
    </filter-mapping>
</web-app>

多个过滤器执行注意细节图解

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-XfjrrMRc-1628157283497)(30-过滤器Filter.assets/48.png)]

Filter的拦截路径

精确匹配

   <url-pattern>/login.jsp</url-pattern>

目录匹配

   <url-pattern>/admin/*</url-pattern>

后缀名匹配（注意不要斜杠开头）

<url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
<url-pattern>*.abc</url-pattern>

**Filter过滤器它只联心请求的地址是否匹配，不关心请求的资源是否存在! ! ! **