Elasticsearch 单字符串多字段查询：Dis Max Query详解

1. 单字符串查询

DEMO

PUT /blogs/_doc/1
{
  "title": "Quick brown rabbits",
  "body": "Brown rabbits are commonly seen."
}
PUT /blogs/_doc/2
{
  "title": "Keeping pets healthy",
  "body": "My quick brown fox eats rabbits on a regular basis."
}
//查询语句
POST /blogs/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "should": [
        {
          "match": {
            "title": "Brown fox"
          }
        },
        {
          "match": {
            "body": "Brown fox"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

"hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 2,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 0.90425634,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "blogs",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 0.90425634, // 因为2个字段都有brown
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "Quick brown rabbits",
          "body" : "Brown rabbits are commonly seen."
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "blogs",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 0.77041256,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "Keeping pets healthy",
          "body" : "My quick brown fox eats rabbits on a regular basis."
        }
      }
    ]
  }

2. 算分过程

• 查询 should 语句中的两个查询
• 加和两个查询的评分
• 乘以匹配语句的总数
• 除以所有语句的总数

结果

3. Disjunction Max Query 查询

上列中，title 和 body 相互竞争

• 不应该将分数简单叠加，而是应该找个单个最佳匹配的字段的评分

Disjunction Max Query

• 将任何与任一查询匹配的文档作为结果返回。采用字段上最匹配的评分返回

POST /blogs/_search
{
  "query": {
    "dis_max": {
      "queries": [
        {
          "match": {
            "title": "Quick fox"
          }
        },
        {
          "match": {
            "body": "Quick fox"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

结果

{
  "took" : 7,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 2,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 1.2199391,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "blogs",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 1.2199391,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "Keeping pets healthy",
          "body" : "My quick brown fox eats rabbits on a regular basis."
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "blogs",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 0.6931472,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "Quick brown rabbits",
          "body" : "Brown rabbits are commonly seen."
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

4. 最佳字段查询调优

有一些情况下，同时匹配 title 和 body 字段的文档比只与一个字段匹配的文档的相关度更高
但 disjunction max query 查询指挥简单的使用单个最佳匹配语句的评分_scoce 作为整体评分

5. 通过 Tie Breaker 参数调整

• 获得最佳匹配语句的评分
• 将其他匹配语句的评分 与 tie_breaker 相乘
• 对以上评分求和并规范化
• Tie Breanker 是一个介于 0-1 之间的浮点数。0 代表使用最佳匹配 l;1 代表所有语句同等重要

POST blogs/_search
{
"query": {
  "dis_max": {
      "queries": [
          { "match": { "title": "Quick pets" }},
          { "match": { "body":  "Quick pets" }}
      ],
      "tie_breaker": 0.2
  }
}
}

参考资料：
极客时间：Elasticsearch核心技术与实战
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