Room的使用（对sqlite的封装，面向注解编程）

1允许使用androidx
gradle.properties

android.useAndroidX=true
android.enableJetifier= true

2build.gradle 引入room依赖

// Room的支持
    def room_version = "2.2.0-alpha01"

    implementation "androidx.room:room-runtime:$room_version" // Room 的 APi支持
    annotationProcessor "androidx.room:room-compiler:$room_version" // Room 的注解处理器

3 创建student表@Entity

package com.hisense.room;

import androidx.room.Entity;
import androidx.room.PrimaryKey;

// 一张表（主键唯一 主键自动增长， name，age）
@Entity
public class Student {

    // 主键唯一  主键自动增长
    @PrimaryKey(autoGenerate = true)
    private int id;

    private String name;

    private int age;

    /*public Student() {
    }*/

    public Student(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

4创建接口dao,对数据库进行增删改查

@Dao // Database access object == 对表进行 增删改查
public interface StudentDao {

    // 增
    @Insert
    void insertStudents(Student ... students);

    // 改
    @Update
    void updateStudents(Student... students);

    // 删  条件
    @Delete
    void deleteStudents(Student... students);

    // 删除 所有      @Delete 单个条件删除用的
    @Query("DELETE FROM Student")
    void deleteAllStudents();

    // 查询 所有  倒序 查询
    @Query("SELECT * FROM Student ORDER BY ID DESC")
    List<Student> getAllStudent();
}

5 创建数据库，关联dao

package com.hisense.room;

import android.content.Context;

import androidx.room.Database;
import androidx.room.Room;
import androidx.room.RoomDatabase;

// 数据库 关联  之前的 表  数据库信息
@Database(entities = {Student.class}, version = 1, exportSchema = false)
public abstract class StudentDatabase extends RoomDatabase {

    // 用户只需要操作dao，我们必须暴露dao，dao被用户拿到后，就能对数据库 增删改查了
    public abstract StudentDao getStudentDao();

    // 单例模式  返回 DB
    private static StudentDatabase INSTANCE;
    public static synchronized StudentDatabase getInstance(Context context) {
        if (INSTANCE == null) {
            INSTANCE = Room.databaseBuilder
                    (context.getApplicationContext(), StudentDatabase.class, "student_database")

                    // 如果我们想玩数据库 默认是异步线程

                    // 慎用：强制开启 主线程 也可以操作 数据库  （测试可以用， 真实环境下 不要用）
                    //.allowMainThreadQueries()

                    .build();
        }
        return INSTANCE;
    }

}

6创建数据库引擎，使用异步任务在子线程中操作数据库（耗时）

package com.hisense.room.manager;

import android.content.Context;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.util.Log;

import com.hisense.room.Student;
import com.hisense.room.StudentDao;
import com.hisense.room.StudentDatabase;

import java.util.List;

// DB的引擎
public class DBEngine {

    // 我只需要拿到dao，就能够对数据库 增删改查了
    private StudentDao studentDao;

    public DBEngine(Context context) {
        StudentDatabase studentDatabase = StudentDatabase.getInstance(context);
        studentDao = studentDatabase.getStudentDao();
    }

    // dao 增删改查

    // insert 插入
    public void insertStudents(Student... students) {
        new InsertAsyncTask(studentDao).execute(students);
    }

    // update 更新
    public void updateStudents(Student... students) {
        new UpdateAsyncTask(studentDao).execute(students);
    }

    // delete 删除 条件
    public void deleteStudents(Student... students) {
        new DeleteAsyncTask(studentDao).execute(students);
    }

    // delete 全部删除
    public void deleteAllStudents() {
        new DeleteAllAsyncTask(studentDao).execute();
    }

    // 查询全部
    public void queryAllStudents() {
        new QueryAllAsyncTask(studentDao).execute();
    }

    // 如果我们想玩数据库 默认是异步线程  ============  异步操作

    // insert 插入
    static class InsertAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<Student, Void, Void> {

        private StudentDao dao;

        public InsertAsyncTask(StudentDao studentDao) {
            dao = studentDao;
        }

        @Override
        protected Void doInBackground(Student... students) {
            dao.insertStudents(students);
            return null;
        }
    }

    // update 更新
    static class UpdateAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<Student, Void, Void> {

        private StudentDao dao;

        public UpdateAsyncTask(StudentDao studentDao) {
            dao = studentDao;
        }

        @Override
        protected Void doInBackground(Student... students) {
            dao.updateStudents(students);
            return null;
        }
    }

    // delete 删除 条件
    static class DeleteAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<Student, Void, Void> {

        private StudentDao dao;

        public DeleteAsyncTask(StudentDao studentDao) {
            dao = studentDao;
        }

        @Override
        protected Void doInBackground(Student... students) { // 既然传递了 student 进来，就是条件删除
            dao.deleteStudents(students);

        }
    }

    // 删除 全部删除
    static class DeleteAllAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, Void> {

        private StudentDao dao;

        public DeleteAllAsyncTask(StudentDao studentDao) {
            dao = studentDao;
        }


        @Override
        protected Void doInBackground(Void... voids) {
            dao.deleteAllStudents();
            return null;
        }
    }

    // 全部 查询
    private static class QueryAllAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, Void> {

        private StudentDao dao;

        public QueryAllAsyncTask(StudentDao studentDao) {
            dao = studentDao;
        }

        @Override
        protected Void doInBackground(Void... voids) {
            List<Student> allStudent = dao.getAllStudent();

            // 遍历全部查询的结构
            for (Student student : allStudent) {
                Log.e("Derry", "doInBackground: 全部 查询 每一项：" + student.toString() );
            }

            return null;
        }
    }

}

7 activity中实际调用

package com.hisense.room;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import com.hisense.room.manager.DBEngine;
import com.hisense.test.R;

public class RoomActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private DBEngine dbEngine;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_room);

        dbEngine = new DBEngine(this);
    }

    /**
     * 插入
     * @param view
     */
    public void insertAction(View view) {
        Student student1 = new Student("张三", 20);
        Student student2 = new Student("李四", 23);
        Student student3 = new Student("王五", 27);
        dbEngine.insertStudents(student1, student2, student3);
    }

    /**
     * 修改  下标为 3   修改成："李元霸", 40
     * @param view
     */
    public void updateAction(View view) {
        Student student = new Student("李元霸", 40);
        student.setId(3);
        dbEngine.updateStudents(student);
    }

    /**
     * 删除 条件 下标为 3
     * @param view
     */
    public void deleteAction(View view) {
        Student student = new Student(null, 0);
        student.setId(3);
        dbEngine.deleteStudents(student);
    }

    /**
     * 查询
     * @param view
     */
    public void queryAction(View view) {
        dbEngine.queryAllStudents();
    }

    /**
     * 全部 删除
     * @param view
     */
    public void deleteAllAction(View view) {
        dbEngine.deleteAllStudents();
    }
}

layout

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="插入"
        android:onClick="insertAction"
        />

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="修改"
        android:onClick="updateAction"
        />

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="删除"
        android:onClick="deleteAction"
        />

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="查询"
        android:onClick="queryAction"
        />

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="全部删除"
        android:onClick="deleteAllAction"
        />


</LinearLayout>