1. 每个activity都需要在AndroidManifest.xml文件中配置,如果一个APP中有很多activity,那么必然导致xml配置文件的臃肿。
而且activity在 同屏下如果要显示多个activity 不方便, 特别是在平板开发中。
所以需要用到Fragment, 被称为轻量级的activity,平且不需要在xml文件中配置,能够在一个activity中同时显示多个fragment。
2. 示例代码: 动态创建fragment,以选项卡为例, 点击“新闻,娱乐,工作”标题,下面显示出不同的fragment.
MainActivity.java
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.FragmentManager;
import android.app.FragmentTransaction;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.view.WindowManager;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {
private TextView tv1;
private TextView tv2;
private TextView tv3;
private FragmentManager fm;
private FragmentTransaction ft;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
tv1 = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv1);
tv2 = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv2);
tv3 = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv3);
tv1.setOnClickListener(this);
tv2.setOnClickListener(this);
tv3.setOnClickListener(this);
fm = getFragmentManager();
ft = fm.beginTransaction();
ft.replace(R.id.content, new Fragment1());
ft.commit();
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
ft = fm.beginTransaction();
switch (v.getId()) {
case R.id.tv1:
ft.replace(R.id.content, new Fragment1());
break;
case R.id.tv2:
ft.replace(R.id.content, new Fragment2());
break;
case R.id.tv3:
ft.replace(R.id.content, new Fragment3());
break;
}
ft.commit();
}
}
Fragment1.java
import android.app.Fragment;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
public class Fragment1 extends Fragment {
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment1, container, false);
}
}
Fragment2.java Fragment2.java 同1, 修改R.layout.fragment1 即可
activity_main.xml 布局文件
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
tools:context=".MainActivity" >
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="horizontal">
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tv1"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="新闻"/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tv2"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="娱乐"/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tv3"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="工作"/>
</LinearLayout>
<LinearLayout
android:id="@+id/content"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical">
</LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>
fragment1.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:background="#ff0000" >
<TextView
android:gravity="center"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:text="this is fragment1"/>
</LinearLayout>
fragment2.xml fragment2.xml 同1, 修改背景颜色 和 显示Text即可
3. 静态创建和fragment之间的通信,上面是动态的在代码里面添加fragment, 其实还可以在布局xml文件中像添加其他控件一样添加fragment.
示例代码: xml添加fragment, 两个fragment之间通信。
MainActivity.java ,由于fragment已经在xml布局文件中添加,实质和一般控件没两样
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private FragmentManager fm;
private FragmentTransaction ft;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
}
}
Fragment1.java, f1中需要响应button的点击事件,在事件中获得f2,并调用f2暴露的方法,设置TextView
import android.app.Fragment;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.Button;
public class Fragment1 extends Fragment {
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View v = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment1, container, false);
Button bt = (Button) v.findViewById(R.id.bt);
bt.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Fragment2 f2 = (Fragment2) getActivity().getFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.f2);
f2.setTv("xxxxxxxx");
}
});
return v;
}
}
Fragment2.java, 需要暴露出方法设置 TextView
public class Fragment2 extends Fragment {
private TextView tv;
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View v = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment2, container, false);
tv = (TextView) v.findViewById(R.id.tv);
return v;
}
public void setTv(String str){
tv.setText(str);
}
}
activity_main.xml 布局文件
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="horizontal"
tools:context=".MainActivity" >
<fragment
android:id="@+id/f1"
android:name="com.kevin.fragmenttest.Fragment1"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_weight="1"/>
<fragment
android:id="@+id/f2"
android:name="com.kevin.fragmenttest.Fragment2"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_weight="1"/>
</LinearLayout>
fragment1.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:background="#ff0000" >
<TextView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="this is fragment1"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/bt"
android:gravity="center"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="点击改变文字"/>
</LinearLayout>
fragment2.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:background="#0000ff" >
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tv"
android:gravity="center"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:text="this is fragment2"/>
</LinearLayout>