在jsp里,获取客户端的ip地址的方法是:request.getRemoteAddr(),这种方法在大部分情况下都是有效的。但是在通过了Apache,Squid等反向代理软件就不能获取到客户端的真实IP地址了。如果使用了反向代理软件,用request.getRemoteAddr()方法获取的IP地址是:127.0.0.1或192.168.1.110,而并不是客户端的真实IP。
经过代理以后,由于在客户端和服务之间增加了中间层,因此服务器无法直接拿到客户端的 IP,服务器端应用也无法直接通过转发请求的地址返回给客户端。但是在转发请求的HTTP头信息中,增加了X-FORWARDED-FOR信息。用以跟踪原有的客户端IP地址和原来客户端请求的服务器地址。当我们访问index.jsp/时,其实并不是我们浏览器真正访问到了服务器上的index.jsp文件,而是先由代理服务器去访问index.jsp ,代理服务器再将访问到的结果返回给我们的浏览器,因为是代理服务器去访问index.jsp的,所以index.jsp中通过request.getRemoteAddr()的方法获取的IP实际上是代理服务器的地址,并不是客户端的IP地址。
于是可得出获得客户端真实IP地址的方法一:
public String getRemortIP(HttpServletRequest request) {
if (request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for") == null) {
return request.getRemoteAddr();
}
return request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for");
}
获得客户端真实IP地址的方法二:
public String getIpAddr(HttpServletRequest request) {
String ip = request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for");
if(ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getHeader("PRoxy-Client-IP");
}
if(ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP");
}
if(ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getRemoteAddr();
}
return ip;
}
可是,如果通过了多级反向代理的话,X-Forwarded-For的值并不止一个,而是一串IP值,究竟哪个才是真正的用户端的真实IP呢?
答案是取X-Forwarded-For中第一个非unknown的有效IP字符串。如:
X-Forwarded-For:192.168.1.110, 192.168.1.120, 192.168.1.130, 192.168.1.100
用户真实IP为: 192.168.1.110
=========================================
public static String getIpAddr(HttpServletRequest request) {
String ip = request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for");
try {
if(ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP");
}
if(ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP");
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getHeader("HTTP_CLIENT_IP");
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getHeader("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR");
}
if(ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getRemoteAddr();
}
if ("127.0.0.1".equals(ip)) {
InetAddress inetAddress = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
InetAddress addr = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
ip=addr.getHostAddress().toString();//获得本机IP
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return ip;
}
==================
/**
* 通过IP地址获取MAC地址
* @param ip String,127.0.0.1格式
* @return mac String
* @throws Exception
*/
public String getMACAddress(String ip) throws Exception {
String line = "";
String macAddress = "";
final String MAC_ADDRESS_PREFIX = "MAC Address = ";
final String LOOPBACK_ADDRESS = "127.0.0.1";
//如果为127.0.0.1,则获取本地MAC地址。
if (LOOPBACK_ADDRESS.equals(ip)) {
InetAddress inetAddress = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
//貌似此方法需要JDK 6。
byte[] mac = NetworkInterface.getByInetAddress(inetAddress).getHardwareAddress();
//下面代码是把mac地址拼装成String
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < mac.length; i++) {
if (i != 0) {
sb.append("-");
}
//mac[i] & 0xFF 是为了把byte转化为正整数
String s = Integer.toHexString(mac[i] & 0xFF);
sb.append(s.length() == 1 ? 0 + s : s);
}
//把字符串所有小写字母改为大写成为正规的mac地址并返回
macAddress = sb.toString().trim().toUpperCase();
return macAddress;
}
//获取非本地IP的MAC地址
try {
Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("nbtstat -A " + ip);
InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(p.getInputStream());
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
if (line != null) {
int index = line.indexOf(MAC_ADDRESS_PREFIX);
if (index != -1) {
macAddress = line.substring(index + MAC_ADDRESS_PREFIX.length()).trim().toUpperCase();
}
}
}
br.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace(System.out);
}
return macAddress;
}