uboot中给kernel参数的传递

1. 说明

uboot在引导kernel启动之前会将需要传递给Linux kernel的参数组织起来，传递给kernel。这个参数通过TAG的形式组织起来，然后存放在RAM的一个固定地址。kernel启动后从该地址读取TAG，获取uboot传递过来的参数。

2. TAG的结构

struct tag {
	struct tag_header hdr; <span style="white-space:pre">	</span> /*TAG头部，每一种TAG都有*/
	union {<span style="white-space:pre">			</span> /*TAG主体部分，不同TAG是不一样的*/
		struct tag_core		core;<span style="white-space:pre">		</span>/*标明TAG的开始*/
		struct tag_mem32	mem;<span style="white-space:pre">		</span>/*系统内存*/
		struct tag_videotext	videotext;  <span style="white-space:pre">	</span>/*VGA显示*/
		struct tag_ramdisk	ramdisk;
		struct tag_initrd	initrd;     <span style="white-space:pre">	</span>/*initrd*/
		struct tag_serialnr	serialnr;   <span style="white-space:pre">	</span>/*系列号*/
		struct tag_revision	revision;  <span style="white-space:pre">	</span>/*版本号*/

		struct tag_videolfb	videolfb;<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>/*framebuffers*/
		struct tag_cmdline	cmdline;<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>/*cmdline命令，即bootargs*/

		/*
		 * Acorn specific
		 */
		struct tag_acorn	acorn;

		/*
		 * DC21285 specific
		 */
		struct tag_memclk	memclk;
	} u;
};

下面列出常见的几种TAG的结构

1) header

struct tag_header {
	u32 size;  /*大小*/
	u32 tag;  /*标示*/
};

2) Core

/* The list must start with an ATAG_CORE node */
#define ATAG_CORE	0x54410001

struct tag_core {
	u32 flags;		/* bit 0 = read-only */
	u32 pagesize;
	u32 rootdev;
};

3)memory

/* it is allowed to have multiple ATAG_MEM nodes */
#define ATAG_MEM	0x54410002

struct tag_mem32 {
	u32	size;
	u32	start;	/* physical start address */
};

4) initrd

/* describes where the compressed ramdisk image lives (physical address) */
#define ATAG_INITRD2	0x54420005

struct tag_initrd {
	u32 start;	/* physical start address */
	u32 size;	/* size of compressed ramdisk image in bytes */
};

5) cmdline

/* command line: \0 terminated string */
#define ATAG_CMDLINE	0x54410009

struct tag_cmdline {
	char	cmdline[1];	/* this is the minimum size */
};</span>

3. uboot  TAG建立

arch/arm/lib/bootm.c

int do_bootm_linux(int flag, int argc, char *argv[], bootm_headers_t *images)
{
	bd_t	*bd = gd->bd;
	char	*s;
	int	machid = bd->bi_arch_number;
	void	(*theKernel)(int zero, int arch, uint params);

#ifdef CONFIG_CMDLINE_TAG
	char *commandline = getenv ("bootargs");  /*获取bootargs内容，后面会传递到cmdline中*/
#endif

	if ((flag != 0) && (flag != BOOTM_STATE_OS_GO))
		return 1;

	theKernel = (void (*)(int, int, uint))images->ep;

	s = getenv ("machid");
	if (s) {
		machid = simple_strtoul (s, NULL, 16);
		printf ("Using machid 0x%x from environment\n", machid);
	}

	show_boot_progress (15);

	debug ("## Transferring control to Linux (at address %08lx) ...\n",
	       (ulong) theKernel);

#if defined (CONFIG_SETUP_MEMORY_TAGS) || \
    defined (CONFIG_CMDLINE_TAG) || \
    defined (CONFIG_INITRD_TAG) || \
    defined (CONFIG_SERIAL_TAG) || \
    defined (CONFIG_REVISION_TAG)

<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">/*建立CORE TAG，TAG的起始位置为bd.bi_boot_params*/</span>

	setup_start_tag (bd);
#ifdef CONFIG_SERIAL_TAG
	setup_serial_tag (&params);
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_REVISION_TAG
	setup_revision_tag (&params);
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_SETUP_MEMORY_TAGS
	setup_memory_tags (bd);
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_CMDLINE_TAG
	setup_commandline_tag (bd, commandline);
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_INITRD_TAG
	if (images->rd_start && images->rd_end)
		setup_initrd_tag (bd, images->rd_start, images->rd_end);
#endif
	setup_end_tag (bd);
#endif

	/* we assume that the kernel is in place */
	printf ("\nStarting kernel ...\n\n");

#ifdef CONFIG_USB_DEVICE
	{
		extern void udc_disconnect (void);
		udc_disconnect ();
	}
#endif

	cleanup_before_linux ();

	theKernel (0, machid, bd->bi_boot_params);
	/* does not return */

	return 1;
}

static void setup_start_tag (bd_t *bd)
{
	params = (struct tag *) bd->bi_boot_params;

	params->hdr.tag = ATAG_CORE;
	params->hdr.size = tag_size (tag_core);

	params->u.core.flags = 0;
	params->u.core.pagesize = 0;
	params->u.core.rootdev = 0;

	params = tag_next (params);
}
</span>

static void setup_memory_tags (bd_t *bd)
{
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < CONFIG_NR_DRAM_BANKS; i++) {
		params->hdr.tag = ATAG_MEM;
		params->hdr.size = tag_size (tag_mem32);

		params->u.mem.start = bd->bi_dram[i].start;
		params->u.mem.size = bd->bi_dram[i].size;

		params = tag_next (params);
	}
}

static void setup_commandline_tag (bd_t *bd, char *commandline)
{
	char *p;

	if (!commandline)
		return;

	/* eat leading white space */
	for (p = commandline; *p == ' '; p++);

	/* skip non-existent command lines so the kernel will still
	 * use its default command line.
	 */
	if (*p == '\0')
		return;

	params->hdr.tag = ATAG_CMDLINE;
	params->hdr.size =
		(sizeof (struct tag_header) + strlen (p) + 1 + 4) >> 2;

	strcpy (params->u.cmdline.cmdline, p);

	params = tag_next (params);
}

static void setup_initrd_tag (bd_t *bd, ulong initrd_start, ulong initrd_end)
{
	/* an ATAG_INITRD node tells the kernel where the compressed
	 * ramdisk can be found. ATAG_RDIMG is a better name, actually.
	 */
	params->hdr.tag = ATAG_INITRD2;
	params->hdr.size = tag_size (tag_initrd);


	params->u.initrd.start = initrd_start;
	params->u.initrd.size = initrd_end - initrd_start;


	params = tag_next (params);
}

static void setup_end_tag (bd_t *bd)
{
	params->hdr.tag = ATAG_NONE;
	params->hdr.size = 0;
}