Spring boot @Value获取值和@ConfigurationProperties获取值比较

一.@Value获取值和@ConfigurationProperties获取值比较

	@ConfigurationProperties	@Value
功能	批量注入配置文件中的属性	一个个指定
松散绑定（松散语法）	支持	不支持
SpEL	支持	不支持
JSR303数据校验	支持	不支持

二.举例对比

@ConfigurationPropertie：

  配置文件application.properties

person.last-name=张三
person.age=18
person.birth=2019/01/07
person.boss=true
person.maps.k1=v1
person.maps.k2=15
person.lists=a,b,c
person.dog.name=小狗
person.dog.age=5

  实体类Person

@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")
public class Person {
    private String lastName;
    private Integer age;
    private Boolean boss;
    private Date birth;
    private Map<String,Object> maps;
    private List<Object> lists;
    private Dog dog;

    public String getLastName() {
        return lastName;
    }

    public void setLastName(String lastName) {
        this.lastName = lastName;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Boolean getBoss() {
        return boss;
    }

    public void setBoss(Boolean boss) {
        this.boss = boss;
    }

    public Date getBirth() {
        return birth;
    }

    public void setBirth(Date birth) {
        this.birth = birth;
    }

    public Map<String, Object> getMaps() {
        return maps;
    }

    public void setMaps(Map<String, Object> maps) {
        this.maps = maps;
    }

    public List<Object> getLists() {
        return lists;
    }

    public void setLists(List<Object> lists) {
        this.lists = lists;
    }

    public Dog getDog() {
        return dog;
    }

    public void setDog(Dog dog) {
        this.dog = dog;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "lastName='" + lastName + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", boss=" + boss +
                ", birth=" + birth +
                ", maps=" + maps +
                ", lists=" + lists +
                ", dog=" + dog +
                '}';
    }

  测试类 SpringBoot02ConfigApplicationTests

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class SpringBoot02ConfigApplicationTests {
    @Autowired
    Person person;
    @Test
    public void contextLoads() {
        System.out.println(person);
    }

}

  运行结果：

 @Value：

实体类Person(省略get、set、toString方法)

@Component
public class Person {
    /*相当于spring中
     *<bean class="Person">
     *      <property name="lastName" value="字面量/${key}从环境变量、配置文件中获取值/#{SpEL}"></property>
     * <bean/>
     */
    @Value("${person.last-name}")
    private String lastName;
    @Value("#{10*2}")
    private Integer age;
    @Value("true")
    private Boolean boss;
    private Date birth;
    private Map<String,Object> maps;
    private List<Object> lists;
    private Dog dog;

    ...get set toString
}

 运行结果：

不支持Map，List等复杂类型，例如

@Value("${person.maps}")//不支持map
private Map<String,Object> maps;

不支持校验，例如

@Component
@Validated//该校验无效
public class Person {
 
    @Email
    @Value("${person.last-name}")
    private String lastName;
}

三.总结：

配置文件yml还是properties他们都能获取到值；

如果说，我们只是在某个业务逻辑中需要获取一下配置文件中的某项值，使用@Value；

如果说，我们专门编写了一个javaBean来和配置文件进行映射，我们就直接使用@ConfigurationProperties；