一.@Value获取值和@ConfigurationProperties获取值比较
@ConfigurationProperties | @Value | |
功能 | 批量注入配置文件中的属性 | 一个个指定 |
松散绑定(松散语法) | 支持 | 不支持 |
SpEL | 支持 | 不支持 |
JSR303数据校验 | 支持 | 不支持 |
二.举例对比
@ConfigurationPropertie:
配置文件application.properties
person.last-name=张三
person.age=18
person.birth=2019/01/07
person.boss=true
person.maps.k1=v1
person.maps.k2=15
person.lists=a,b,c
person.dog.name=小狗
person.dog.age=5
实体类Person
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")
public class Person {
private String lastName;
private Integer age;
private Boolean boss;
private Date birth;
private Map<String,Object> maps;
private List<Object> lists;
private Dog dog;
public String getLastName() {
return lastName;
}
public void setLastName(String lastName) {
this.lastName = lastName;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
public Boolean getBoss() {
return boss;
}
public void setBoss(Boolean boss) {
this.boss = boss;
}
public Date getBirth() {
return birth;
}
public void setBirth(Date birth) {
this.birth = birth;
}
public Map<String, Object> getMaps() {
return maps;
}
public void setMaps(Map<String, Object> maps) {
this.maps = maps;
}
public List<Object> getLists() {
return lists;
}
public void setLists(List<Object> lists) {
this.lists = lists;
}
public Dog getDog() {
return dog;
}
public void setDog(Dog dog) {
this.dog = dog;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person{" +
"lastName='" + lastName + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
", boss=" + boss +
", birth=" + birth +
", maps=" + maps +
", lists=" + lists +
", dog=" + dog +
'}';
}
测试类 SpringBoot02ConfigApplicationTests
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class SpringBoot02ConfigApplicationTests {
@Autowired
Person person;
@Test
public void contextLoads() {
System.out.println(person);
}
}
运行结果:
@Value:
实体类Person(省略get、set、toString方法)
@Component
public class Person {
/*相当于spring中
*<bean class="Person">
* <property name="lastName" value="字面量/${key}从环境变量、配置文件中获取值/#{SpEL}"></property>
* <bean/>
*/
@Value("${person.last-name}")
private String lastName;
@Value("#{10*2}")
private Integer age;
@Value("true")
private Boolean boss;
private Date birth;
private Map<String,Object> maps;
private List<Object> lists;
private Dog dog;
...get set toString
}
运行结果:
不支持Map,List等复杂类型,例如
@Value("${person.maps}")//不支持map
private Map<String,Object> maps;
不支持校验,例如
@Component
@Validated//该校验无效
public class Person {
@Email
@Value("${person.last-name}")
private String lastName;
}
三.总结:
配置文件yml还是properties他们都能获取到值;
如果说,我们只是在某个业务逻辑中需要获取一下配置文件中的某项值,使用@Value;
如果说,我们专门编写了一个javaBean来和配置文件进行映射,我们就直接使用@ConfigurationProperties;