DRF快速开发基本API接口

1.创建模型操作类

from django.db import models

class Teacher(models.Model):
    SEX_OPTION = (
        (0, "男"),
        (1, "女"),
    )
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='姓名')
    age = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="年龄")
    sex = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=SEX_OPTION, verbose_name="性别")
    classmate = models.CharField(max_length=15, verbose_name="班级")
    dec = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name="介绍")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "老师信息"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

然后进行数据库迁移准备一些数据

2.创建序列化器类

from rest_framework import serializers
# 序列化器基类(有两个)
# serializers.Serializer
# serializers.ModelSerializer

from .models import Teacher


class TeacherModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Teacher  # 指定模型类
        # fields = "__all__"     # 返回给客户端全部字段
        fields = ["id", "name", "age"]  # 返回给客户端指定字段

ModelSerializer与常规的Serializer相同，但提供了：

基于模型类自动生成一系列字段
基于模型类自动为Serializer生成validators，比如unique_together
包含默认的create()和update()的实现

3.编写视图

from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet

from .models import Teacher
from .serializer import TeacherModelSerializer

class TeacherModelViewSet(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = Teacher.objects.all()
    serializer_class = TeacherModelSerializer

视图集简介：

"""
视图集
特点:
    1,可以将一组相关的操作, 放在一个类中进行完成（比如获取所有和获取单个）
    2,不提供get,post方法, 使用retrieve, create方法来替代
    3,可以将标准的请求方式(get,post,put,delete), 和mixin中的方法做映射

常见的视图集:
类名称                 父类              作用
ViewSet               APIView          可以做路由映射
                      ViewSetMixin

GenericViewSet        GenericAPIView   可以做路由映射,可以使用三个属性,三个方法
                      ViewSetMixin

ModelViewSet          GenericAPIView   所有的增删改查功能,可以使用三个属性,三个方法
                      5个mixin类

ReadOnlyModelViewSet  GenericAPIView   获取单个,所有数据,可以使用三个属性,三个方法
                      RetrieveModelMixin
                      ListModelMixin

"""

4.定义路由

from django.urls import path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [

]

from rest_framework.routers import SimpleRouter, DefaultRouter

router = DefaultRouter()
router.register("teacher", viewset=views.TeacherModelViewSet, basename="teacher")
urlpatterns += router.urls

print("urlpatterns= ", urlpatterns)

生成的路由分析：

 [
 			# 127.0.0.1:8000
     <URLPattern '^teacher/$' [name='teacher-list']>,、
     <URLPattern '^teacher\.(?P<format>[a-z0-9]+)/?$' [name='teacher-list']>,
     
     <URLPattern '^teacher/(?P<pk>[^/.]+)/$' [name='teacher-detail']>, 
     <URLPattern '^teacher/(?P<pk>[^/.]+)\.(?P<format>[a-z0-9]+)/?$' [name='teacher-detail']>, 
     # 跟路由
     <URLPattern '^$' [name='api-root']>,
     <URLPattern '^\.(?P<format>[a-z0-9]+)/?$' [name='api-root']>
 
 ]

          接口地址                              请求方式       返回数据            描述
 http://127.0.0.1:8000/app2/teacher/        get         [{},{},...]       获取所有
 http://127.0.0.1:8000/app2/teacher/        post         {}               新增
 http://127.0.0.1:8000/app2/teacher/id      get         {}                获取单个
 http://127.0.0.1:8000/app2/teacher/id      put         {}                修改某个
 http://127.0.0.1:8000/app2/teacher/id     delete       无                删除单个

5.测试启动项目：

http://127.0.0.1:8000/app2/app2/teacher/
get

http://127.0.0.1:8000/app2/app2/teacher/
post

http://127.0.0.1:8000/app2/app2/teacher/id
get

http://127.0.0.1:8000/app2/app2/teacher/id
put

http://127.0.0.1:8000/app2/app2/teacher/id
delete
OK