Socket实现远程唤醒(Wake-On-Lan)Step by Step

Step 1: 认识远程唤醒

《计算机文摘》2003.9 - 应用与技巧 - 远程唤醒一点通

《计算机应用文摘》曾经在2003年第7期的《运筹帷幄，决胜千里——远程遥控》一
文中介绍了如何实现远程控制技术，可是远程控制首要条件是远程计算机必须处手开机状态。但让远程计算机24小时开机等待客户机的连接是不现实的。那能不能在需要时远程控制计算机开机呢?答案是肯定的。我们可以借助远程唤醒技术来实现这个功能。

    远程唤醒技术主要有两种实现方式：Wake-up On LAN(局域网开机，简称WOL)和Wake-Up On Modem (调制解调器开机，简称WOM)。下面笔者向大家介绍远程唤醒技术的实现方法。

一、WOL

    要实现局域网开机，主板和网卡必须都支持远程唤醒功能。一般目前的主板都支持这个功能，支持的主板上通常都有一个专门的3芯插座，以便在关机时为网卡供电。但
并非所有的网卡都支持该功能(特别是一些价格较便宜的低档网卡)，要判断网卡是否支持远程唤醒功能的方法很简单，支持远程唤醒的网卡上都有一个3针的WOL接口和一条3芯的远程唤醒电缆，通过判断网卡是否带有WOL接口即可(有些较新的网卡可能没有WOL接口也能支持远程唤醒。这是因为现在流行的主板支持PCI2．2标准，而PCI 2．2标准不需要通过专门的WOL接口为网卡供电，允许主板直接通过PCI插槽向网卡提供Standby电源)。

1．硬件连接
    网卡安装完毕后将远程唤醒电缆的一端插入到网卡的WOL接口上，另外一端与主板的3针WOL远程唤醒接口相连(该接口旁通常标有WOL_CON的字样，当然如果主板和网卡都支持PCI2．2标准则无须做这一步)。

2．CMOS设置
    打开CMOS远程唤醒功能很简单，只要将CMOS设置中的“Power Management Setup”的“Wake Up On LAN”项设置为“Enable”即可。

3．远程唤醒计算机
    远程计算机的网卡只有收到特殊的信号才会激活系统开机，所以我们还要借助相应的软件产生这些数据帧。类似的软件很多，最有名的是AMD公司开发的Magic Packet，此外还有一些网卡自带的诊断程序也有该功能。笔者这里给大家推荐一款国人
开发的软件——“网络唤醒 ”。
    网络唤醒是一个无须安装的绿色软件，首先解压缩下载的压缩包后，然后运行其中的“网络唤醒V041．exe”打开《网络唤醒》。该软件的界面如上图所示，由于只有知道远程计算机的MAC地址才可以进行唤醒，所以首先要使软件知道远程计算机的MAC地址。单击“局域网”菜单的“扫描网络”，《网络唤醒》会扫描局域网中所有正处于开机状态的计算机，并将计算机名、IP地址和MAC地址等信息显示在“列表信息”中(如果没有扫描到目标计算机，可以单击“局域网”菜单的“手工增加”)，完成后单击“列表”菜单的“保存列表”，将扫描的结果保存起来以便下次使用。
    若要唤醒网络中某台计算机，可以在“列表信息”中右击该计算机，选择“唤醒”。如果要将列表中所有计算机都唤醒可以选择“唤醒全部”。

二、WOM

    WOL只能在局域网中使用，如果远程唤醒计算机与本地距离较远，我们就必须通过WOM来实现远程唤醒(可以毫不夸张地说，凡是电话能通的地方都祖利用WOM来实现远程唤醒)。
    WOM同样需要主板和Modem的双重支持(目前大多数主板和Modem都支持此功能)。
    实现WOM比较简单，将Modem正确连接到计算机和电话线后，将CMOS中的“Power Management Setup”中的“Power On by Ring”项设置为“Enable”即可。现在只要Modem处于开启状态，拨打Modem所连接的电话号码就可以通过WOM实现远程开机了。而且使用WOM进行远程唤醒不用担心电话费的问题，因为Modem只要侦测到电话震铃不需要接听电话就可以启动机器(所以我们不用花一分钱就可以打国际长途去唤醒位于另一个国家中的计算机了)。

Step 2: 远程唤醒技术原理

Magic Packet™ Technology

The Magic Packet™ technology is used to remotely wake up a sleeping or powered off PC on a network. This is accomplished by sending a specific packet of information, called a Magic Packet frame, to a node on the network. When a PC capable of receiving the specific frame goes to sleep, it will enable the Magic Packet mode in the LAN controller, and when the LAN controller receives a Magic Packet frame, it will alert the system to wake up.

The patented Magic Packet technology is implemented entirely in the LAN controller. This architecture allows the PC to go into a very low power mode, even as far as to remove the power from the entire system, except for the LAN chip.

Magic Packet Technology Details
Once the LAN controller has been put into the Magic Packet mode, it scans all incoming frames addressed to the node for a specific data sequence, which indicates to the controller that this is a Magic Packet frame. A Magic Packet frame must also meet the basic requirements for the LAN technology chosen, such as SOURCE ADDRESS, DESTINATION ADDRESS (which may be the receiving station's IEEE address or a MULTICAST address which includes the BROADCAST address), and CRC. The specific sequence consists of 16 duplications of the IEEE address of this node, with no breaks or interruptions. This sequence can be located anywhere within the packet, but must be preceded by a synchronization stream. The synchronization stream allows the scanning state machine to be much simpler. The synchronization stream is defined as 6 bytes of FFh. The device will also accept a BROADCAST frame, as long as the 16 duplications of the IEEE address match the address of the machine to be awakened. If the IEEE address for a particular node on the network was 11h 22h 33h 44h 55h 66h, then the LAN controller would be scanning for the data sequence (assuming an Ethernet Frame):

DESTINATION SOURCE MISC. FF FF FF FF FF FF 11 22 33 44 55 66 11 22 33 44 55 66 11 22 33 44 55 66 11 22 33 44 55 66 11 22 33 44 55 66 11 22 33 44 55 66 11 22 33 44 55 66 11 22 33 44 55 66 11 22 33 44 55 66 11 22 33 44 55 66 11 22 33 44 55 66 11 22 33 44 55 66 11 22 33 44 55 66 11 22 33 44 55 66 11 22 33 44 55 66 11 22 33 44 55 66 MISC. CRC.

There are no other restrictions on a Magic Packet frame. For instance, the sequence could be in a TCP/IP packet, an IPX packet, etc. The frame may be bridged or routed across the network, without affecting its ability to wake up a node at the destination of the frame.

If the LAN controller scans a frame and does not find the specific sequence shown above, it discards the frame and takes no further action. If the controller detects the data sequence, however, then it alerts the PC's power management circuitry to wake up the system.

Magic Packet Today
Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Gateway 2000 and other leading manufacturers implement AMD's Magic Packet technology. Magic Packet allows IS managers to increase their efficiency by remotely accessing any PC on the network -- on, powered down, or powered off. Magic Packet technology is currently offered on AMD's PCnet™-ISA II, PCnet-PCI II, PCnet-FAST, PCnet-FAST+ and PCnet-FAST III, and is a standard feature that will be integrated into future AMD PCnet controllers.

With Magic Packet Technology, AMD set the standard and built the foundation for today's advanced power management technologies for networked PCs, including the OnNow power management industry intitiative. The OnNow design initiative is a comprehensive, system-wide approach to system and device power control. In fact, AMD co-authored the OnNow power management reference specification for networking devices, furthering our leadership position in this industry initiative.

AMD licenses the Magic Packet technology to device manufacturers. If you are interested in getting licensing information, please contact Rahul Deshmukh at (408) 749-5448 or email at rahul.deshmukh@amd.com.

Step3: 远程唤醒技术实现

/********************************************************************
* created: 2004/06/02
* updated: 2006/03/28
* file name: wakeup.cpp
* author:  XiaoPing Zhang
* purpose:
*********************************************************************/
#include "stdafx.h"
#include "iphlpapi.h"
#include <winsock2.h>

#define  MAC_ADDR_LEN  6
#define  MAGIC_DATA_LEN  102

#pragma comment(lib, "iphlpapi.lib")

BOOL GetMacFromIP(const char * pIP)
{
 HRESULT hr;
 IPAddr  ipAddr;
 ULONG   pulMac[2];
 ULONG   ulLen;
 
 ipAddr = inet_addr ("216.145.25.31");
 memset (pulMac, 0xff, sizeof (pulMac));
 ulLen = 6;
 
 hr = SendARP (ipAddr, 0, pulMac, &ulLen);
 printf ("Return %08x, length %8d/n", hr, ulLen);
 
 size_t i, j;
 char * szMac = new char[ulLen*3];
 PBYTE pbHexMac = (PBYTE) pulMac;
 
 //
 // Convert the binary MAC address into human-readable
 //
 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < ulLen - 1; ++i) {
  j += sprintf (szMac + j, "%02X:", pbHexMac[i]);
 }
 
 sprintf (szMac + j, "%02X", pbHexMac[i]);
 printf ("MAC address %s/n", szMac);
 
 delete [] szMac;
 
 return TRUE;
}

// 输入6个字节的mac地址
BOOL WakeupSinglePC(const unsigned char pMac[])
{
 // TODO: Add your command handler code here
 if (pMac == NULL)
 {
  TRACE("Mac address error!");
  return FALSE; 
 }
 
 WSADATA wsaData;
 int err = WSAStartup( MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData );
 if ( err != 0 )
 {
  TRACE("WSAStartup error %d !", WSAGetLastError());
  return FALSE;
 }
 
 if ( LOBYTE( wsaData.wVersion ) != 2 ||
  HIBYTE( wsaData.wVersion ) != 2 )
 {
  TRACE("WinSock DLL not supports 2.2 !");
  return FALSE;
 }
 
 do
 {
  SOCKET sFirst = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
  if (sFirst == INVALID_SOCKET)
  {
   TRACE("socket error %d !", WSAGetLastError());
   break;  
  }
  
  do
  {
   BOOL bOptVal = TRUE;
   int iOptLen = sizeof(BOOL);
   
   err = setsockopt(sFirst, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BROADCAST, (char*)&bOptVal, iOptLen);
   if (err == SOCKET_ERROR)
   {
    TRACE("setsockopt error %d !", WSAGetLastError());
    break; 
   }
   
   char szMagicData[MAGIC_DATA_LEN];
   memset(szMagicData, 0xff, sizeof(szMagicData));
   
   for(int i=MAC_ADDR_LEN; i<MAGIC_DATA_LEN; i+=MAC_ADDR_LEN)  {
    memcpy(szMagicData+i, pMac, sizeof(unsigned char)*MAC_ADDR_LEN);
   }
   
   sockaddr_in addr;
   addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
   addr.sin_port = htons(0);
   addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_BROADCAST);
   
   err = sendto(sFirst, szMagicData, sizeof(szMagicData), 0, (LPSOCKADDR)&addr, sizeof(addr));
   if (err == SOCKET_ERROR)
   {
    TRACE("sendto error %d !", WSAGetLastError());
    break;
   }  
  } while(0);
  
  err = closesocket(sFirst);
  if (err == SOCKET_ERROR)
  {
   TRACE("closesocket error %d !", WSAGetLastError());
   break;
  } 
 } while(0);
 
 err = WSACleanup();
 if ( err == SOCKET_ERROR )
 {
  TRACE("WSACleanup error %d !", WSAGetLastError());
  return FALSE;
 }
 
 return TRUE;
}

// 输入6个字节的mac地址数组
BOOL  WakeupMultiPC(int iNum, const unsigned char* pszMac[])
{
 // TODO: Add your command handler code here
 if (pszMac == NULL)
 {
  TRACE("Mac address Error!", WSAGetLastError());
  return FALSE;
 }
 
 WSADATA wsaData;
 int err = WSAStartup( MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData );
 if ( err != 0 )
 {
  TRACE("WSAStartup Error %d !", WSAGetLastError());
  return FALSE;
 }
 
 if ( LOBYTE( wsaData.wVersion ) != 2 ||
  HIBYTE( wsaData.wVersion ) != 2 )
 {
  TRACE("WinSock DLL not supports 2.2");
  return FALSE;
 }
 
 do
 {
  SOCKET sFirst = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
  if (sFirst == INVALID_SOCKET)
  {
   TRACE("socket error %d !", WSAGetLastError());
   break;  
  }
  
  do
  {
   BOOL bOptVal = TRUE;
   int iOptLen = sizeof(BOOL);
   
   err = setsockopt(sFirst, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BROADCAST, (char*)&bOptVal, iOptLen);
   if (err == SOCKET_ERROR)
   {
    TRACE("setsockopt error %d !", WSAGetLastError());
    break; 
   }
   
   sockaddr_in addr;
   addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
   addr.sin_port = htons(0);
   addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_BROADCAST);
   
   char szMagicData[MAGIC_DATA_LEN];
   
   for (int index=0; index<iNum; index++)   {  
    memset(szMagicData, 0xff, sizeof(szMagicData));
    
    for(int i=MAC_ADDR_LEN; i<MAGIC_DATA_LEN; i+=MAC_ADDR_LEN)  {
     memcpy(szMagicData+i, pszMac[index], sizeof(unsigned char)*MAC_ADDR_LEN);
    }
    
    err = sendto(sFirst, szMagicData, sizeof(szMagicData), 0, (LPSOCKADDR)&addr, sizeof(addr));
    if (err == SOCKET_ERROR)
    {
     TRACE("sendto error %d !", WSAGetLastError());
     break;
    }
    Sleep(0);
   }
   
  } while(0);
  
  err = closesocket(sFirst);
  if (err == SOCKET_ERROR)
  {
   TRACE("closesocket error %d !", WSAGetLastError());
   break;
  } 
 } while(0);
 
 err = WSACleanup();
 if ( err == SOCKET_ERROR )
 {
  TRACE("WSACleanup error %d !", WSAGetLastError());
  return FALSE;
 }
 
 return TRUE;
}

Step4: 远程唤醒共享软件

http://download.enet.com.cn/html/010062001052902.html

Step5: 思路拓展

http://www.scyld.com/wakeonlan.html