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开始今天的学习。
python支持多继承:
先给一个例子(包括多继承)
# class People: 经典类
class People(object): #新式类
def __init__(self,name,age):
self.name = name
self.age = age
self.friends = []
print("--doens't run ")
def eat(self):
print("%s is eating..." % self.name)
def talk(self):
print("%s is talking..." % self.name)
def sleep(self):
print("%s is sleeping..." % self.name)
class Relation(object):
#def __init__(self,n1,n2):
# print("init in relation")
def make_friends(self,obj): #w1
print("%s is making friends with %s" % (self.name,obj.name))
self.friends.append(obj) #指定obj为对应的内存地址,这样可以保证信息会随着更改而更新
class Man(Relation,People): #多继承会按照顺序查找父类进行初始化构造函数
# def __init__(self,name,age,money):
# #People.__init__(self,name,age)
# super(Man,self).__init__(name,age) #新式类写法
# self.money = money
# print("%s 一出生就有%s money" %(self.name,self.money))
def piao(self):
print("%s is piaoing ..... 20s....done." % self.name)
def sleep(self):
People.sleep(self)
print("man is sleeping ")
class Woman(People,Relation):
def get_birth(self):
print("%s is born a baby...." % self.name)
m1 = Man("Mr.jj",28)
w1 = Woman("Mrs.mm",24)
m1.make_friends(w1)
#Mr.jj is making friends with Mrs.mm
w1.name = "Mr.gg"
print(m1.friends[0].name)
#Mr.gg 如果上面不是obj,而是obj.name这里的m1.friends[0]则不会改变。
这个代码实际跑一边看懂逻辑关系就ok。
下面说一下多继承的区别(经典和新式):
class A:
def __init__(self):
print("A")
class B(A):
pass
# def __init__(self):
# print("B")
class C(A):
pass
# def __init__(self):
# print("C")
class D(B,C):
pass
# def __init__(self):
# print("D")
obj = D()
上述代码可以验证多继承的构造函数顺序(广度优先查找):D——B——C——A (python3程序执行)
(深度优先查找):D——B——A——C (python2程序执行)
注:python2中的经典类是按深度优先来继承的;新式类是按广度优先来继承的。
python3中经典类和新式类都是按广度优先来继承。
下面给一个学校的例子,很重要,一定要弄懂!
class School(object):
def __init__(self,name,addr):
self.name = name
self.addr = addr
self.students =[]
self.staffs =[]
def enroll(self,stu_obj):
print("为学员%s 办理注册手续"%stu_obj.name )
self.students.append(stu_obj)
def hire(self,staff_obj):
self.staffs.append(staff_obj)
print("雇佣新员工%s" % staff_obj.name)
class SchoolMember(object):
def __init__(self,name,age,sex):
self.name = name
self.age = age
self.sex = sex
def tell(self):
pass
class Teacher(SchoolMember):
def __init__(self,name,age,sex,salary,course):
super(Teacher,self).__init__(name,age,sex)
self.salary = salary
self.course = course
def tell(self):
print('''
---- info of Teacher:%s ----
Name:%s
Age:%s
Sex:%s
Salary:%s
Course:%s
'''%(self.name,self.name,self.age,self.sex,self.salary,self.course))
def teach(self):
print("%s is teaching course [%s]" %(self.name,self.course))
class Student(SchoolMember):
def __init__(self,name,age,sex,stu_id,grade):
super(Student,self).__init__(name,age,sex)
self.stu_id = stu_id
self.grade = grade
def tell(self):
print('''
---- info of Student:%s ----
Name:%s
Age:%s
Sex:%s
Stu_id:%s
Grade:%s
''' % (self.name, self.name, self.age, self.sex, self.stu_id, self.grade))
def pay_tuition(self,amount):
print("%s has paid tution for $%s"% (self.name,amount) )
school = School("老男孩IT","沙河")
t1 = Teacher("Oldboy",56,"MF",200000,"Linux")
t2 = Teacher("Alex",22,"M",3000,"PythonDevOps")
s1 = Student("xiaohua",36,"MF",1001,"PythonDevOps")
s2 = Student("xiaofeng",19,"M",1002,"Linux")
t1.tell()
s1.tell()
school.hire(t1)
school.enroll(s1)
school.enroll(s2)
print(school.students)
print(school.staffs)
school.staffs[0].teach()
for stu in school.students:
stu.pay_tuition(5000)
今天的内容就这么多,慢慢消化吧。