核心
利用HibernateTools,从POJO类,Mapping映射文件,数据库表有其中的一项,就能生成其他两项。
概述
在使用Hibernate开发系统持久层时,按照一般开发流程
1、分析业务
2、获得系统实体类
3、写Hibernate的mapping映射文件
4、根据映射文件,生成数据库表
以上这几步是Hibernate开发的起始。根据开发习惯的不同,有些项目组可能会先写POJO类,有的项目可能会先设计数据库,有的项目组可能先写映射文件,其实完成其中的一项时,类结构或者表结构就可以确定了。
既然已经能确定结构了,完全可以使用工具来代替手工完成剩余的工作。
前提
安装Eclipse插件HibernateTools,eclipse插件安装百度下教程非常多,建议采用copy安装或者link安装,再有就是HibernateTools的版本对应着特定的Eclipse版本,所以安装前请先检查自己的eclipse版本。
然后建立项目,本文建立的是Dynamic Web Project,采用了mysql数据库,建立项目后,引入mysql的驱动jar,引入Hibernate(本文用了4.3.5版本)的包,即lib下required文件夹中所有jar
安装完了插件,首先利用tool生成Hibernate配置文件,项目右键-->new,安装完HibernateTools后,多了4种类型的文件,选择第一种:
根据使用的数据库,填入必须的属性:
生成hibernate.cfg.xml的代码:
<span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312;font-size:18px;"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<property name="hibernate.bytecode.use_reflection_optimizer">false</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.password">123456</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.username">root</property>
<property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
<property name="hibernate.search.autoregister_listeners">false</property>
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration></span>
相互转换
接下可以进入正题了,本文分别从三项中的每一项入手,生成其他两项。
思路一:由POJO类生成mapping映射文件和DDL
POJO类的代码写起来非常方便,因此首先介绍这种方法,个人认为这种方法效率最高。首先建立两个POJO类
package org.hibernate.test;
public class Student implements java.io.Serializable {
private int id;
private String name;
public Student() {
}
public Student(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public Student(int id, String name) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
}
public int getId() {
return this.id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return this.name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
package org.hibernate.test;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class Class implements java.io.Serializable {
private int id;
private String name;
private List students = new ArrayList(0);
public Class() {
}
public Class(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public Class(int id, String name, List students) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.students = students;
}
public int getId() {
return this.id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return this.name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public List getStudents() {
return this.students;
}
public void setStudents(List students) {
this.students = students;
}
}
接下来一步一步生成另外两项,首先项目右键-->new,选择Hibernate下面的第四项,建立mapping映射文件,根据已存在的POJO类,生成Mapping文件
下一步,可以预先查看生成的hbm.xml文件,有特殊要求的可以再生成的文件基础上稍作修改。
生成代码:
<span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312;font-size:18px;"><?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!-- Generated 2014-5-30 21:29:20 by Hibernate Tools 4.0.0 -->
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="org.hibernate.test.Student" table="STUDENT">
<id name="id" type="int">
<column name="ID" />
<generator class="assigned"></generator>
</id>
<property name="name" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="NAME" />
</property>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping></span>
<span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312;font-size:18px;"><?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!-- Generated 2014-5-30 21:29:20 by Hibernate Tools 4.0.0 -->
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="org.hibernate.test.Class" table="CLASS">
<id name="id" type="int">
<column name="ID" />
<generator class="assigned"></generator>
</id>
<property name="name" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="NAME" />
</property>
<list name="students" inverse="false" table="STUDENT" lazy="true">
<key>
<column name="ID" />
</key>
<list-index>
<column name="idx" />
</list-index>
<one-to-many class="org.hibernate.test.Student" />
</list>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping></span>
mapping映射文件生成了,接下来生成ddl,项目右键-->new,选择Hibernate Console Configuration
选择好对应的项后,finish,然后需要在工具栏添加Hibernate code Generation,Windows-->Customer Perspective
然后工具栏多了一个很像运行按钮的图标,单击下拉按钮,选第二项
单击Exporters选项卡,可以看到HibernateTools工具能导出和生成的项很多,可以根据配置有针对性的选择自己想要的项,这里我们勾选Schema Export,然后单击图标1下面的Properties的Add,后出现图标2所示的窗体
选择第二项,这就是要生成我们想要的ddl,如图,当然上图还勾选了DAO Code,生成了操作试题的DAO代码(HibernateTools确实很贴心)
这是生成后的图片
ddl的建表语句:
<span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312;font-size:18px;">create table CLASS (ID integer not null, NAME varchar(255), primary key (ID));
create table STUDENT (ID integer not null, NAME varchar(255), idx integer, primary key (ID));
alter table STUDENT add index FKBACA0E1BE081A5FD (ID), add constraint FKBACA0E1BE081A5FD foreign key (ID) references CLASS (ID);
</span>
DAO代码如下:
<span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312;font-size:18px;">package org.hibernate.test;
// Generated 2014-5-30 23:18:05 by Hibernate Tools 4.0.0
import java.util.List;
import javax.naming.InitialContext;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.hibernate.LockMode;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.criterion.Example;
/**
* Home object for domain model class Class.
* @see org.hibernate.test.Class
* @author Hibernate Tools
*/
public class ClassHome {
private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(ClassHome.class);
private final SessionFactory sessionFactory = getSessionFactory();
protected SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {
try {
return (SessionFactory) new InitialContext()
.lookup("SessionFactory");
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("Could not locate SessionFactory in JNDI", e);
throw new IllegalStateException(
"Could not locate SessionFactory in JNDI");
}
}
public void persist(Class transientInstance) {
log.debug("persisting Class instance");
try {
sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().persist(transientInstance);
log.debug("persist successful");
} catch (RuntimeException re) {
log.error("persist failed", re);
throw re;
}
}
public void attachDirty(Class instance) {
log.debug("attaching dirty Class instance");
try {
sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().saveOrUpdate(instance);
log.debug("attach successful");
} catch (RuntimeException re) {
log.error("attach failed", re);
throw re;
}
}
public void attachClean(Class instance) {
log.debug("attaching clean Class instance");
try {
sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().lock(instance, LockMode.NONE);
log.debug("attach successful");
} catch (RuntimeException re) {
log.error("attach failed", re);
throw re;
}
}
public void delete(Class persistentInstance) {
log.debug("deleting Class instance");
try {
sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().delete(persistentInstance);
log.debug("delete successful");
} catch (RuntimeException re) {
log.error("delete failed", re);
throw re;
}
}
public Class merge(Class detachedInstance) {
log.debug("merging Class instance");
try {
Class result = (Class) sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().merge(
detachedInstance);
log.debug("merge successful");
return result;
} catch (RuntimeException re) {
log.error("merge failed", re);
throw re;
}
}
public Class findById(int id) {
log.debug("getting Class instance with id: " + id);
try {
Class instance = (Class) sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().get(
"org.hibernate.test.Class", id);
if (instance == null) {
log.debug("get successful, no instance found");
} else {
log.debug("get successful, instance found");
}
return instance;
} catch (RuntimeException re) {
log.error("get failed", re);
throw re;
}
}
public List findByExample(Class instance) {
log.debug("finding Class instance by example");
try {
List results = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession()
.createCriteria("org.hibernate.test.Class")
.add(Example.create(instance)).list();
log.debug("find by example successful, result size: "
+ results.size());
return results;
} catch (RuntimeException re) {
log.error("find by example failed", re);
throw re;
}
}
}</span>
到此,我们就由POJO类,生成了hbm.xml文件和DDL
思路二:由hbm.xml生成POJO类和DDL
...
思路三:由数据库表(或DDL)生成POJO类和hbm.xml
...
思路二三请见下一博客!
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