hadoop2.x整合手册【1】--hadoop2.x安装与配置

前置工作

1. 此处阅读需要曾经有1.x版本的安装部署经验
   
2. ssh无密码配置如同1.X版本和防火墙需要关闭，而需要的java环境也要准备好
3. 将hadoop集群进行网络隔离，服务请求以及数据请求不要直接访问hadoop集群

安装步骤

一、核心配置文件以及配置（此处配置来源于官网）

• conf/core-site.xml

  Parameter	Value	Notes
  fs.defaultFS	NameNode URI	hdfs://host:port/
  io.file.buffer.size	131072	Size of read/write buffer used in SequenceFiles.

• conf/hdfs-site.xml
  • Configurations for NameNode:

    Parameter	Value	Notes
    dfs.namenode.name.dir	Path on the local filesystem where the NameNode stores the namespace and transactions logs persistently.	If this is a comma-delimited list of directories then the name table is replicated in all of the directories, for redundancy.
    dfs.namenode.hosts / dfs.namenode.hosts.exclude	List of permitted/excluded DataNodes.	If necessary, use these files to control the list of allowable datanodes.
    dfs.blocksize	268435456	HDFS blocksize of 256MB for large file-systems.
    dfs.namenode.handler.count	100	More NameNode server threads to handle RPCs from large number of DataNodes.

  • Configurations for DataNode:

    Parameter	Value	Notes
    dfs.datanode.data.dir	Comma separated list of paths on the local filesystem of a DataNode where it should store its blocks.	If this is a comma-delimited list of directories, then data will be stored in all named directories, typically on different devices.

• conf/yarn-site.xml
  • Configurations for ResourceManager and NodeManager:

    Parameter	Value	Notes
    yarn.acl.enable	true / false	Enable ACLs? Defaults to false.
    yarn.admin.acl	Admin ACL	ACL to set admins on the cluster. ACLs are of for comma-separated-usersspacecomma-separated-groups. Defaults to special value of* which meansanyone. Special value of justspace means no one has access.
    yarn.log-aggregation-enable	false	Configuration to enable or disable log aggregation

  • Configurations for ResourceManager:

    Parameter	Value	Notes
    yarn.resourcemanager.address	ResourceManager host:port for clients to submit jobs.	host:port
    yarn.resourcemanager.scheduler.address	ResourceManager host:port for ApplicationMasters to talk to Scheduler to obtain resources.	host:port
    yarn.resourcemanager.resource-tracker.address	ResourceManager host:port for NodeManagers.	host:port
    yarn.resourcemanager.admin.address	ResourceManager host:port for administrative commands.	host:port
    yarn.resourcemanager.webapp.address	ResourceManager web-ui host:port.	host:port
    yarn.resourcemanager.scheduler.class	ResourceManager Scheduler class.	CapacityScheduler (recommended), FairScheduler (also recommended), orFifoScheduler
    yarn.scheduler.minimum-allocation-mb	Minimum limit of memory to allocate to each container request at theResource Manager.	In MBs
    yarn.scheduler.maximum-allocation-mb	Maximum limit of memory to allocate to each container request at theResource Manager.	In MBs
    yarn.resourcemanager.nodes.include-path / yarn.resourcemanager.nodes.exclude-path	List of permitted/excluded NodeManagers.	If necessary, use these files to control the list of allowable NodeManagers.

  • Configurations for NodeManager:

    Parameter	Value	Notes
    yarn.nodemanager.resource.memory-mb	Resource i.e. available physical memory, in MB, for given NodeManager	Defines total available resources on the NodeManager to be made available to running containers
    yarn.nodemanager.vmem-pmem-ratio	Maximum ratio by which virtual memory usage of tasks may exceed physical memory	The virtual memory usage of each task may exceed its physical memory limit by this ratio. The total amount of virtual memory used by tasks on the NodeManager may exceed its physical memory usage by this ratio.
    yarn.nodemanager.local-dirs	Comma-separated list of paths on the local filesystem where intermediate data is written.	Multiple paths help spread disk i/o.
    yarn.nodemanager.log-dirs	Comma-separated list of paths on the local filesystem where logs are written.	Multiple paths help spread disk i/o.
    yarn.nodemanager.log.retain-seconds	10800	Default time (in seconds) to retain log files on the NodeManager Only applicable if log-aggregation is disabled.
    yarn.nodemanager.remote-app-log-dir	/logs	HDFS directory where the application logs are moved on application completion. Need to set appropriate permissions. Only applicable if log-aggregation is enabled.
    yarn.nodemanager.remote-app-log-dir-suffix	logs	Suffix appended to the remote log dir. Logs will be aggregated to ${yarn.nodemanager.remote-app-log-dir}/${user}/${thisParam} Only applicable if log-aggregation is enabled.
    yarn.nodemanager.aux-services	mapreduce_shuffle	Shuffle service that needs to be set for Map Reduce applications.

  • Configurations for History Server (Needs to be moved elsewhere):

    Parameter	Value	Notes
    yarn.log-aggregation.retain-seconds	-1	How long to keep aggregation logs before deleting them. -1 disables. Be careful, set this too small and you will spam the name node.
    yarn.log-aggregation.retain-check-interval-seconds	-1	Time between checks for aggregated log retention. If set to 0 or a negative value then the value is computed as one-tenth of the aggregated log retention time. Be careful, set this too small and you will spam the name node.

• conf/mapred-site.xml
  • Configurations for MapReduce Applications:

    Parameter	Value	Notes
    mapreduce.framework.name	yarn	Execution framework set to Hadoop YARN.
    mapreduce.map.memory.mb	1536	Larger resource limit for maps.
    mapreduce.map.java.opts	-Xmx1024M	Larger heap-size for child jvms of maps.
    mapreduce.reduce.memory.mb	3072	Larger resource limit for reduces.
    mapreduce.reduce.java.opts	-Xmx2560M	Larger heap-size for child jvms of reduces.
    mapreduce.task.io.sort.mb	512	Higher memory-limit while sorting data for efficiency.
    mapreduce.task.io.sort.factor	100	More streams merged at once while sorting files.
    mapreduce.reduce.shuffle.parallelcopies	50	Higher number of parallel copies run by reduces to fetch outputs from very large number of maps.

  • Configurations for MapReduce JobHistory Server:

    Parameter	Value	Notes
    mapreduce.jobhistory.address	MapReduce JobHistory Server host:port	Default port is 10020.
    mapreduce.jobhistory.webapp.address	MapReduce JobHistory Server Web UI host:port	Default port is 19888.
    mapreduce.jobhistory.intermediate-done-dir	/mr-history/tmp	Directory where history files are written by MapReduce jobs.
    mapreduce.jobhistory.done-dir	/mr-history/done	Directory where history files are managed by the MR JobHistory Server.

• slave和master文件也是必不可少的，但是为了便于系统运维不要使用ip，而应该使用机器名。但是如果局域网内的ip是动态的，机器名无法正常解析，最后将各个节点的host也进行对应配置

二、系统操作命令：

启动命令：

格式化DFS文件系统

$ $HADOOP_PREFIX/bin/hdfs namenode -format <cluster_name>

启动dfs实例

$ $HADOOP_PREFIX/sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh --config $HADOOP_CONF_DIR --script hdfs start namenode

启动所有slave上的DataNode实例

$ $HADOOP_PREFIX/sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh --config $HADOOP_CONF_DIR --script hdfs start datanode

运行yarn实例，启动ResourceManager:

$ $HADOOP_YARN_HOME/sbin/yarn-daemon.sh --config $HADOOP_CONF_DIR start resourcemanager

启动所有slave上的NodeManagers

$ $HADOOP_YARN_HOME/sbin/yarn-daemon.sh --config $HADOOP_CONF_DIR start nodemanager

启动WebAppProxy server

$ $HADOOP_YARN_HOME/sbin/yarn-daemon.sh start proxyserver --config $HADOOP_CONF_DIR

启动MapReduce JobHistory

$ $HADOOP_PREFIX/sbin/mr-jobhistory-daemon.sh start historyserver --config $HADOOP_CONF_DIR

停止服务与启动命令对应：

$ $HADOOP_PREFIX/sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh --config $HADOOP_CONF_DIR --script hdfs stop namenode

$ $HADOOP_PREFIX/sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh --config $HADOOP_CONF_DIR --script hdfs stop datanode

$ $HADOOP_YARN_HOME/sbin/yarn-daemon.sh --config $HADOOP_CONF_DIR stop resourcemanager

$ $HADOOP_YARN_HOME/sbin/yarn-daemon.sh --config $HADOOP_CONF_DIR stop nodemanager

$ $HADOOP_YARN_HOME/sbin/yarn-daemon.sh stop proxyserver --config $HADOOP_CONF_DIR

$ $HADOOP_PREFIX/sbin/mr-jobhistory-daemon.sh stop historyserver --config $HADOOP_CONF_DIR

三、运行监控：

hdfs状态监控：http://master的地址:50070

任务监控：http://master的地址:19888

程序和节点监控：http://master的地址:8034/cluster