单机并发线程不安全问题下各个解决方案的性能对比

前言

在开发的过程中，单机并发修改共享数据的场景是尤为要注意的（其实很少遇到），而目前流行的解决手段，不是加锁就是使用CAS，本文旨在探究 sychronized锁、AtomicInteger、LongAdder这些解决方案之间的性能差异。

结果如下：

18:04:38.996 [main] INFO demo.server.cas.CasTest - 当前核心数：12
18:04:38.996 [main] INFO demo.server.cas.CasTest - ===================================
18:04:39.487 [main] INFO demo.server.cas.CasTest - SimpleExecutor执行10次结果：[96048, 97223, 96854, 97761, 98289, 98271, 97692, 98318, 99089, 99040]
18:04:39.487 [main] INFO demo.server.cas.CasTest - SimpleExecutor平均调用时长:49
18:04:39.487 [main] INFO demo.server.cas.CasTest - ===================================
18:04:39.889 [main] INFO demo.server.cas.CasTest - SyncLockExecutor执行10次结果：[99999, 99999, 99999, 99999, 99999, 99999, 99999, 99999, 99999, 99999]
18:04:39.889 [main] INFO demo.server.cas.CasTest - SyncLockExecutor平均调用时长:40
18:04:39.889 [main] INFO demo.server.cas.CasTest - ===================================
18:04:40.296 [main] INFO demo.server.cas.CasTest - AtomicExecutor执行10次结果：[99999, 99999, 99999, 99999, 99999, 99999, 99999, 99999, 99999, 99999]
18:04:40.296 [main] INFO demo.server.cas.CasTest - AtomicExecutor平均调用时长:40
18:04:40.296 [main] INFO demo.server.cas.CasTest - ===================================
18:04:40.559 [main] INFO demo.server.cas.CasTest - LongAdderExecutor执行10次结果：[99999, 99999, 99999, 99999, 99999, 99999, 99999, 99999, 99999, 99999]
18:04:40.559 [main] INFO demo.server.cas.CasTest - LongAdderExecutor平均调用时长:26

这里要补充一下，理论上从性能方面来说，不作处理 > LondAdder(分治法CAS) > AtomicInteger（CAS） > Synchronized（相当于单核串行了）

那会不会是线程池里的大部分线程没有工作，导致操作几乎是串行化的，所以不同方案性能差异不大呢？答案是不可能的，因为根据SimpleExecutor的执行结果来看确实存在并发问题，说明多个线程（cpu）同时修改数据的情况是存在的。当然我们可以加上以下代码观察一下结果：

...

13:32:51.981 [pool-1-thread-5] INFO demo.server.cas.CasTest - 当前由线程pool-1-thread-5为您操作
13:32:51.981 [pool-1-thread-6] INFO demo.server.cas.CasTest - 当前由线程pool-1-thread-6为您操作
13:32:51.981 [pool-1-thread-12] INFO demo.server.cas.CasTest - 当前由线程pool-1-thread-12为您操作
13:32:51.981 [pool-1-thread-3] INFO demo.server.cas.CasTest - 当前由线程pool-1-thread-3为您操作

...

从结果来看，确实12条线程都跑起来了。

附上完整代码

package demo.server.cas;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.util.StopWatch;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.LongAdder;

@Slf4j
public class CasTest {
    private static final ThreadPoolExecutor EXECUTOR = new ThreadPoolExecutor(12,24,2000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(100000));

    public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {

        log.info("当前核心数：{}",Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors());

        new SimpleExecutor().execute();

        new SyncLockExecutor().execute();

        new AtomicExecutor().execute();

        new LongAdderExecutor().execute();

        EXECUTOR.shutdown();

    }

    static class LongAdderExecutor extends  Executor<LongAdder>{
        @Override
        protected LongAdder getCounter() {
            return new LongAdder();
        }

        @Override
        protected void countImcrement(LongAdder count) {
            count.increment();
        }

        @Override
        protected int getCountValue(LongAdder count) {
            return count.intValue();
        }
    }

    static class AtomicExecutor extends  Executor<AtomicInteger>{
        @Override
        protected AtomicInteger getCounter() {
            return new AtomicInteger();
        }

        @Override
        protected void countImcrement(AtomicInteger count) {
            count.incrementAndGet();
        }

        @Override
        protected int getCountValue(AtomicInteger count) {
            return count.get();
        }
    }


    static class SyncLockExecutor extends Executor<Result>{
        @Override
        protected Result getCounter() {
            return new Result(0L,0);
        }

        @Override
        protected void countImcrement(Result count) {
            synchronized(this){
                count.count++;
            }
        }

        @Override
        protected int getCountValue(Result count) {
            return count.getCount();
        }
    }


    static class SimpleExecutor extends Executor<Result>{

        @Override
        protected Result getCounter() {
            return new Result(0L,0);
        }

        @Override
        protected void countImcrement(Result count) {
            count.count += 1;
            if (count.count%333 ==0){
                log.info("当前由线程{}为您操作",Thread.currentThread().getName());
            }
        }

        @Override
        protected int getCountValue(Result count) {
            return count.getCount();
        }
    }


    static abstract class Executor<V>{

        /**
         * 执行一组测试
         * @throws ExecutionException
         * @throws InterruptedException
         */
        public void execute() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
            log.info("===================================");
            //参数准备
            int times = 10;
            long totalTimeMillis = 0L;
            List<Integer> counts = new ArrayList<>();
            String simpleName = this.getClass().getSimpleName();

            //获取多次执行结果
            for (int i = 0; i < times; i++) {
                Result result = doExecute();
                totalTimeMillis += result.getExecuteTime();
                counts.add(result.getCount());
            }


            log.info("{}执行{}次结果：{}", simpleName,times, counts);
            log.info("{}平均调用时长:{}", simpleName,totalTimeMillis/times);
        }

        /**
         * 执行一次测试
         * @return
         * @throws ExecutionException
         * @throws InterruptedException
         */
        public Result doExecute() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
            StopWatch stopWatch  = new StopWatch();
            stopWatch.start();

            //为了保证逻辑清晰，测试结果串行处理
            List<Future> futures = new ArrayList<>();
            final V count = getCounter();
            //单个测试计算99999次，调用线程池异步执行
            for (int i = 0; i < 99999; i++) {
                Future<?> future = EXECUTOR.submit(() -> {
                    countImcrement(count);
                });
                futures.add(future);
            }

            for (Future future : futures) {
                future.get();
            }

            stopWatch.stop();
            long totalTimeMillis = stopWatch.getTotalTimeMillis();
            return new Result(totalTimeMillis,getCountValue(count));
        }
        protected abstract V getCounter();

        protected abstract void countImcrement(V count);

        protected abstract  int getCountValue(V count);
    }




    @Data
    @AllArgsConstructor
    static class Result{
        private Long executeTime;
        private Integer count;
    }
}