new、operator new 、placement new

代码来自 www.cplusplus.com

直接上代码

#include <iostream>     // std::cout
#include <new>          // ::operator new

struct MyClass {
  int data[100];
  MyClass() {std::cout << "constructed [" << this << "]\n";}
};

int main () {

//new
  std::cout << "1: ";
  MyClass * p1 = new MyClass;
      // allocates memory by calling: operator new (sizeof(MyClass))
      // and then constructs an object at the newly allocated space
      //调用 operator new 分配内存，然后调用构造函数生成一个对象，并返回指针

  std::cout << "2: ";
  MyClass * p2 = new (std::nothrow) MyClass;
      // allocates memory by calling: operator new (sizeof(MyClass),std::nothrow)
      // and then constructs an object at the newly allocated space

//placement new
  std::cout << "3: ";
  new (p2) MyClass;
      // does not allocate memory -- calls: operator new (sizeof(MyClass),p2)
      // but constructs an object at p2
      //不分配内存，在p2指向的内存上重新构造一个对象
      
//operator new
  // Notice though that calling this function directly does not construct an object:
  std::cout << "4: ";
  MyClass * p3 = (MyClass*) ::operator new (sizeof(MyClass));
      // allocates memory by calling: operator new (sizeof(MyClass))
      // but does not call MyClass's constructor
      //分配内存，但是不调用构造函数
//placement new
 int a=100;
 cout<<"before:"<<a<<endl;
 int *ptr=new (&a) int(50);
 cout<<"after:"<<a<<endl;


  delete p1;
  delete p2;
  delete p3;

  return 0;
}

代码结果

1: constructed [0x8f0f70]
2: constructed [0x8f23a8]
3: constructed [0x8f23a8]
4: 
before:100
after:50

总结

• new 调用operator new分配内存，然后调用构造函数，最后返回指针
• operator new 只分配内存，不调用构造函数
• placement new 是 operator new 的重载，不分配内存，在已有内存上重新构造一个对象