让delegate进行一对多通信

在开发IOS应用的时候，一个类与另一个类之间的通信方式通常有四种模式：

1、委托delegation
2、通知中心Notification Center
3、block
4、键值观察key value observing，KVO
但是，有时候我们会出现一个类同时和多个类进行通信的情况，这时候大家通常会使用Notification，它可以一对多进行通信；但是Notification有一定的局限性，例如：1.不能从观察者获得任何的反馈信息（相比于delegate）；2.Notification不关心接受者的态度,只管把通告放出来;如果使用delegate就可以避免这些不足之处；

delegation 实现一对多通信：

MessageSingleton.h (我为了方便演示使用了单例)

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
@class MessageSingleton;
@protocol MessageSingletonDelegate <NSObject>

- (void)messageSingleton:(MessageSingleton*) messageSingleton logNowDate:(NSDate*)nowDate;

- (void)messageSingleton:(MessageSingleton*) messageSingleton updateName:(NSString*)nameStr;

@end

@interface MessageSingleton : NSObject
+ (instancetype)sharedInstance;

/**
 *  添加单个 delegate 到MessageSingleton.
 */
- (void)addDelegate:(id<MessageSingletonDelegate>) messageSingletonDelegate;

/**
 *  从MessageSingleton里移除一个delegate
 */
- (void)removeDelegate:(id<MessageSingletonDelegate>)   messageSingletonDelegate;

/**
 *  移除所有添加过的delegate.
 */
- (void)removeAllDelegates;
@end

NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END

MessageSingleton.m

#import "MessageSingleton.h"

@interface MessageSingleton()
/**
 *  用来存储所有添加j过的delegate
 *  NSHashTable 与 NSMutableSet相似，但NSHashTable可以持有元素的弱引用，而且在对象被销毁后能正确地将其移除。
 */
@property (strong, nonatomic, readonly) NSHashTable                     *delegates;

/**
 *  delegateLock 用于给delegate的操作加锁，防止多线程同时调用
 */
@property (strong, nonatomic) NSLock                                    *delegateLock;
@end

@implementation MessageSingleton
+ (instancetype)sharedInstance {
    static MessageSingleton *messageSingleton = nil;
    static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
    dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
        messageSingleton = [[self alloc] init];
    });
    return messageSingleton;
}

#pragma mark - get & set
- (instancetype)init {
    self = [super init];
    if (self) {
        _delegates = [NSHashTable hashTableWithOptions:NSPointerFunctionsWeakMemory];
        //使用timer模式调用delegate
        NSTimer *timer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:2.0 repeats:YES block:^(NSTimer * _Nonnull timer) {
            [self callMessageSingletonLogNowDateDelegate];
            [self callMessageSingletonUpdateNameDelegate];
        }];
        
        [timer fire];
    }
    return self;
}

- (NSLock *)delegateLock {
    if (_delegateLock == nil) {
        _delegateLock = [[NSLock alloc] init];
    }
    return _delegateLock;
}

#pragma mark - delegate
- (void)addDelegate:(id<MessageSingletonDelegate>) messageSingletonDelegate {
    [self.delegateLock lock];//防止多线程同时调用
    [self.delegates addObject:messageSingletonDelegate];
    [self.delegateLock unlock];
}

- (void)removeDelegate:(id<MessageSingletonDelegate>) messageSingletonDelegate {
    [self.delegateLock lock];//防止多线程同时调用
    [self.delegates removeObject:messageSingletonDelegate];
    [self.delegateLock unlock];
}

- (void)removeAllDelegates {
    [self.delegateLock lock];//防止多线程同时调用
    [self.delegates removeAllObjects];
    [self.delegateLock unlock];
}

#pragma mark - call delegates
- (void)callMessageSingletonLogNowDateDelegate {
    [self.delegateLock lock];
    for (id delegate in self.delegates) {//遍历delegates ，call delegate
        if ([delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(messageSingleton:logNowDate:)]) {
            [delegate messageSingleton:self logNowDate:[NSDate date]];
        }
    }
    [self.delegateLock unlock];
}

- (void)callMessageSingletonUpdateNameDelegate {
    [self.delegateLock lock];
    for (id delegate in self.delegates) {
        if ([delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(messageSingleton:updateName:)]) {
            [delegate messageSingleton:self updateName:@"奋斗的小鸟"];
        }
    }
    [self.delegateLock unlock];
}

@end

在A类中实现MessageSingletonDelegate：

#import "ViewController.h"
#import "MessageSingleton.h"
@interface ViewController ()<MessageSingletonDelegate>

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    [[MessageSingleton sharedInstance] addDelegate:self];
}

- (void)messageSingleton:(MessageSingleton*) messageSingleton logNowDate:(NSDate*)nowDate {
    NSLog(@"logNowDate Delegate :%@",nowDate);
}

- (void)messageSingleton:(MessageSingleton*) messageSingleton updateName:(NSString*)nameStr {
    NSLog(@"updateName Delegate :%@",nameStr);
}

@end

同时在B类中也实现MessageSingletonDelegate：

#import "NextViewController.h"
#import "MessageSingleton.h"
@interface NextViewController ()<MessageSingletonDelegate>

@end

@implementation NextViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    [[MessageSingleton sharedInstance] addDelegate:self];
}

- (void)dealloc {
    [[MessageSingleton sharedInstance] removeDelegate:self];
}

- (void)messageSingleton:(MessageSingleton*) messageSingleton logNowDate:(NSDate*)nowDate {
    NSLog(@"NextVC logNowDate Delegate :%@",nowDate);
}

- (void)messageSingleton:(MessageSingleton*) messageSingleton updateName:(NSString*)nameStr {
    NSLog(@"NextVC updateName Delegate :%@",nameStr);
}

运行可以看到，MessageSingleton发出的delegate可以在A类和B类中都能收到；