词汇说明：
equal v. 等于
He equaled the world record. 他持平世界记录
Nobody equals him in strength. 力量上没有人与他相匹敌
Nobody matches him in strength. 力量上没有人与他相匹敌
In English, she has no equal in her class. 她在班级里英语最棒
We wish to inform you that we specialize in garments for more than twenty years and shall be pleased to establish business relations with you on the basis of equality and mutual benefits.
我们希望通知您，我们专做服装行业20年，并且非常高兴可以与您建立平等互利的商业关系。
明显超过他人，鹤立鸡群
be/stand head and shoulders above sb.
be much better than others
raise vt. 募集 举起 养
raise one’s hand 举起某人手
raise one’s voice 提高声音
raise one’s hat to sb. （向某人举起帽子）向某人打招呼
raise one’s glass to sb. （向某人举酒杯）向某人祝酒
raise the roof 大怒 大吵 大闹
raise pigs 养猪
He has a big family to raise. 他有一大家子人要养。
We’re raising a fund for orphans. 我们正在为孤儿募集资金
problems arose 问题出现了
arouse one’s pity 激起某人同情
raise做为名词表示涨工资
-You look happy today.
-yes. I got a raise.
Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another, but he has never managed to get enough money to have the church clock repaired. The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged many years ago and has been silent ever since.
be always doing sth. 总是做某事（真烦,真讨厌）
He is always being late. 他总是迟到。
People are always talking about the problems of youth. 他们总是说年轻人的问题。
be forever doing sth. 总是做某事（真烦,真讨厌）与上面同样意思
He is forever talking about the friendly people, the clean atmosphere, the closeness to nature and gentle pace living.
他总是不停的谈论那里友好的人，干净的空气和悠闲的步调。
be constantly/continually doing sth. 总是做某事（真烦,真讨厌）与上面同样意思
The boys are constantly/continually arguing. 这些男孩总是在争执。
keep (on) doing sth. 总是做某事（真烦,真讨厌）与上面同样意思
From the moment the arrived there, he kept on pestering his doctor to tell him when he would be able to go home.
do sth. all the time 总是做某事（真烦,真讨厌）与上面同样意思
one … or another 各种各样的
one cause or another 各种各样的理由
he is always asking me for money for one cause or another. 他总是为了各种各样的理由来找我要钱。
Beginners will err at one time or another 初学者时不时就犯错误。(各种时间都会犯错)
everyone can contribute to society in one way or another. 每个人都以各种各样的方式为社会做贡献。
one … after another 一个又一个的
one day after another 日复一日的
encounter one difficulty after another 遭遇一个又一个的困难
achieve one success after another 取得一个又一个的成功
manage to do 设法完成了某事
fail to do 没能完成某事（与上面是反义词)
have sth. done 请某人做某事 (或不愉快的经历)
I’m going to have my hair cut this weekend.我打算周末请人来理发。
The house had its window broken in the explosion. 房子在爆炸期间玻璃碎了。
The sea bed was scoured with powerful nets and there was tremendous excitement on board when a chest was raised from the bottom.
there was tremendous excitement on board 人们兴奋极了（无灵主语此处不需要用people）
He lost his confidence. 他失去了信心。（中式写法，不好）
Confidence deserted him. 信心抛弃了他。（正确写法)
I couldn’t sleep that night. 那晚我一夜未眠。（中式写法，不好）
That night sleep eluded me. 那晚睡眠躲着我。（正确写法)
We only travelled half the distance at sunset. 到了黄昏我们只走了一半的路程（中式写法，不好）
Sunset met us halfway. 黄昏在半路遇见了我们。（正确写法)
used to do 过去常常
I used to get up early. 我过去常常早起。
be/become/get used to n./doing
用be强调习惯于的状态，用become或get强调由不习惯变为习惯的状态变化
I’m used to getting up early. 我习惯于早起。
‘We’ll get used to that, Bill,’ said the vicar. 牧师说我们以后就由不习惯变为习惯了。
Life is not fair, get used to it. —Bill Gates 生活本来就不公平，习惯就好了 —比尔盖茨
be accustomed to(doing) sth. 习惯于做某事。
For men accustomed to eating seven course dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home, the change to the Alps must have been very hard indeed.
strike the hours 钟打点报时
It would strike twelve in twenty minutes. 再过20分钟就要打响12点的钟声。
ever since:可当三种词性使用 adv./prep./conj. 从那以后一直…(用完成时)
You know how she feels about you. It’s been the same way ever since we were kids. 你知道她对你的感情，自从我们是孩子的时候就开始了。
造句：过去日夜辛苦工作的老王两年前下岗了，从那以后就变得懒了。
Lao Wang who used to hard word day and night was laid off two years ago and has been lazy ever since.
One night, however, our vicar woke up with a start: the clock was striking the hours! Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one o’clock, but the bell struck thirteen times before it stopped. Armed with a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower to see what was going on. In the torchlight, he caught sight of a figure whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins, our local grocer.
wake (up): vi. & vt. 醒了；唤醒…
The doorbell rang loud enough to wake the dead. 门铃响的把死人都吵醒了。
go/get to sleep 睡着了
fall asleep 睡着了
toss and turn 难以入睡
I was tossing and turning all night. 我这一宿怎么也无法入睡。
insomnia 失眠症
He suffered from insomnia. 他有失眠症
sit up 熬夜
stay up 熬夜
He sat up all night, preparing for the exam. 他熬了一夜为考试做准备。
night owl 夜猫子（喜欢熬夜)
start n. 激灵（由于恐惧或惊讶身体突然的一动）
wake (up) with a start
She woke from the dream with a start. 她一激灵从梦中惊醒。
with + 名词 做状语修饰谓语动词
The officer went through the case with great care. 这个海官官员非常仔细的检查了这个箱子。
He had spotted a tiny bottle at the bottom of my case and he pounce on it with delight. 他在箱子底部发现了一个小瓶子，非常开心地扑了上去。
Then I added with a smile. 我微笑着补充说。
His few material possessions make it possible for him to move from place to place with ease. 他物质财产很少所以能够很轻松的从一处搬到另一处。
She faced the difficulty calmly. 她平静地面对困难。
She faced the difficulty with calmness. 她平静地面对困难。
I looked at her curiously. 我好奇地望着她。
I looked at her with curiosity. 我好奇地望着她。
She spoke to me tenderly. 她温柔地对我讲话。
She spoke to me with tenderness. 她温柔地对我讲话。
I greeted Philip enthusiastically. 我热情地向Philip打招呼。
I greeted Philip with enthusiasm. 我热情地向Philip打招呼。
Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one o’clock, … 非谓语动词做状语
When he looked at his watch, he saw that it was one o’clock.
这两种表达意思相同，但是，如果一个状语从句的主语跟后面从句的主语统一时，前后有两个he代表的同一个人，这种情况下这个状语可以使用非谓语动词来表达。
before的译法
强调主句的时间很长时，译为才
强调主句的时间很短时，译为就
but the bell struck thirteen times before it stopped.但是大钟敲了13下才停。
It will be a long time before we meet again. 很久之后我们才能相见。
I hadn’t waited long before he came. 我没等多久他就来了。
arm sb. with sth. 用某个东西武装或装备某人。
Armed with a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower …
sb. carry sth. 拿着某个东西
Carrying a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower …
go on v. 此处表示“发生”（多用进行时表示正在发生的事情)
What’s going on here? 这儿发生什么事了？
以下几个都有发生的意思
happen （计划之外的发生)
occur （计划之外的发生)
come up （计划之外的发生)
come about （计划之外的发生)
Do you know how the phrase come about? 你知道这个成语是怎样产生的吗？
take place （计划之中的发生)
The funeral will take place on Monday. 葬礼将在周一举行。
strike (多表示不幸的事情发生)
Most people were fast asleep when the earthquake struck. 当地震发生时大部分人在沉睡之中。
ensue (随之发生)
I objected to his advice and a heated argument ensued. 我反对他的建议，接着激烈的争执随之发生。
coincide (with …) 与某事同时发生
My arrival coincided with his departure. 我来的时候他刚好要走。
catch sight of … 一眼看见…
catch a glimpse of … 一眼看见…
glimpse … 一眼看见…
recognize A as B 认出来A就是B
I recognized her as one of my classmates. 我认出来他是我的一个同学。
grocer 杂货商 grocery 杂货店
连读发音变化：
s + j = ʃ
| 例1 | 例2 | 例3 |
|---|---|---|
| this year | Bless you | promise you |
t + j = tʃ
| 例1 | 例2 | 例3 | 例4 |
|---|---|---|---|
| last year | don’t you | won’t you | statue. |
d + j = dʒ
| 例1 | 例2 | 例3 | 例4 |
|---|---|---|---|
| did you | would you | graduate | credulous |
z + j = ʒ
| 例1 | 例2 |
|---|---|
| May I use your book? | How’s your father? |
’ Whatever are you doing up here Bill?’ asked the vicar in surprise.
‘I’m trying to repair the bell,’ answered Bill. ‘I’ve been coming up here night after night for weeks now. You see, I was hoping to give you a surprise.’
whatever, whenever, wherever, whoever, whichever …
表示 “到底…” 加强疑问句的语气
Wherever did you go yesterday? 你昨天到底去哪了？
on earth 表示 “到底…” 加强疑问句的语气
What on earth has happened to trouble you so? 到底出什么事了让你有这么大麻烦？
in the world 表示 “到底…” 加强疑问句的语气
What in the world are you doing here at seven in the morning? 一大早才七点钟你到底在干什么呢?
in God’s/heaven’s name 表示 “到底…” 加强疑问句的语气
What in God’s name was that huge bang? 到底是什么声音？
Where in heaven’s name have you been? 你到底跑哪去了?
the hell 粗鲁表示 “到底…” 加强疑问句的语气 （常用于口语)
What the hell was that noise? 到底是他妈什么声音？
How the hell are we going to do that? 我们到底他妈的要怎么做这事呀？
have been doing 现在完成进行时
表示持续性的动作一直到现在，而且还有可能继续下去。
was/were hoping … 表达一种试探性的，委婉的语气。
I was hoping you could marry me. 我希望你能嫁给我就好了
‘You certainly did give me a surprise!’ said the vicar. ‘You’ve probably woken up everyone in the village as well. Still, I’m glad the bell is working again.’
强调肯定式(emphatic positive)
在肯定句和祈使句中，在谓语动词前加上助动词do以强调语气。只用于一般现在时（do,dose)和一般过时(did)中。
I do need a car. 我换确需要一辆车。
He does speak English well. 他英语说的的确不错。
So you did come after all. 你到底还是来了呀。
Come in. 进来
Do come in. 快进来
Shut up! 闭嘴
Do shut up! 给我闭嘴
as well … 也 …
as well as … 除了…之外, …也…
You’ve probably woken up everyone in the village as well as me.
still 尽管如此， 还是…
下面意思相同
nevertheless
nonetheless
all the same
just the same
The girl is not beautiful.
Still, I like her very much.
这个女孩并不漂亮，尽管如此我还是非常喜欢她。
Still, I’m glad （that）the bell is working again.
形容词补足语
That’s the trouble, vicar,’ answered Bill. ‘It’s working all right, but I’m afraid that at one o’clock it will strike thirteen times and there’s nothing I can do about it."
We’ll get used to that, Bill,’ said the vicar. "Thirteen is not as good as one, but it’s better than nothing. Now let’s go downstairs and have a cup of tea.’
there’s nothing I can do about it. 对此我无能为力。
The telephone is out of order, and there is nothing I can do about it. 电话出故障了，对此我无能为力。
I know you are not satisfied, but there is nothing I can do about it. 我知道你不满意，但对此我无能为力。
We apologize for this, but there is nothing We can do about it. 我们很抱歉，但对此我们无能为力。
out of order 出故障
as good as: almost 几乎…; 和…差不多
The injured man is as good as dead. 这个伤员跟死了差不多了。
Everything as good as settled. 差不多每一件事儿都解决了
be not one’s cup of tea 某人不喜欢的事情（或不愿意做的事情)
Swimming is not my cup of tea. 我不喜欢游泳
Mountain hiking is not my cup of tea. 我不喜欢爬山
make tea 沏茶
make water 撒尿
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