SringBoot异常 Failed to load ApplicationContext

SpringBoot进行单元测试时遇到的错误

报错信息：

  java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
    	at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:124)
    	at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:83)
    	at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:117)
    	at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:83)
    	at org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.SpringBootDependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(SpringBootDependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:44)
    	at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:228)
    	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:230)
    	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289)
    	at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
    	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:291)
    	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:249)
    	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:89)
    	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
    	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
    	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
    	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
    	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
    	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
    	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
    	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
    	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:193)
    	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:89)
    	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:41)
    	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:541)
    	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:763)
    	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:463)
    	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:209)
    Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Cannot load an ApplicationContext with a NULL 'contextLoader'. Consider annotating your test class with @ContextConfiguration or @ContextHierarchy.
    	at org.springframework.util.Assert.notNull(Assert.java:134)
    	at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:91)
    	at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:116)
    	... 26 more

测试类的测试方法：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class AppTest {
	@Autowired
	TestController testController;
	
	@Test
	public void Test() {
		String testResult = testController.Hello();
		System.out.println(testResult);
	}
}

解决方案：

版本问题：

原版本

<parent>
	<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
	<version>1.5.18.BUILD-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>

改后版本为

<version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version>

版本问题，以后使用各个组件的时候注意各个依赖的版本相互对应