utf_8转Unicode，char*(string)转BSTR，BSTR(unicode)转char*(string)

在进行上下位机通信的时候经常要和这些字符串类型打交道，这次来个彻底的总结。

1.utf_8转Unicode (但要注意自己机器的大小端问题)

wchar_t * utf_8ToUnicode(const char* szu8) {
	if (NULL == szu8)
		return NULL;
	size_t sSize = strlen(szu8);
	const unsigned char* p = (const unsigned char*) szu8;
	wchar_t* dBuf = new wchar_t[sSize + 1];
	unsigned char* des = (unsigned char*) dBuf;
	memset(des, 0, sizeof(wchar_t) * (sSize + 1));
	while (*p != NULL) {
		if ((unsigned short) *p <= 0x7f) {
			*des++ = *p;
			*des++ = 0;
			p++;
		} else if ((unsigned short) *p <= 0xcf) {
			unsigned char ch1 = *p++;
			unsigned char ch2 = *p++;
			*des++ = ch1 << 6 | (ch2 & 0x3f);
			*des++ = ch1 >> 2 | 0x07;
		} else if ((unsigned short) *p <= 0xef) {
			unsigned char ch1 = *p++;
			unsigned char ch2 = *p++;
			unsigned char ch22 = ch2;
			unsigned char ch3 = *p++;
			*des++ = ch22 << 6 | (ch3 & 0x3f);
			*des++ = ch1 << 4 | (ch2 >> 2 & 0x0f);
		} else
			break;
	}
	return dBuf;
}

其实，BSTR和Unicode在存贮方式是一样的，都是两个字节保存一个字符（一个ASCII或一个汉字），因此，稍微包装下上面的函数就可以得到BSTR。

BSTR GetBSTRFromString(const char* inputStr) {
	if (inputStr == NULL)
		return NULL;
	const wchar_t * pwidstr = utf_8ToUnicode(inputStr);
	BSTR ret = ::SysAllocString((OLECHAR *) pwidstr);
	delete[] pwidstr;
	return ret;
}

BSTR GetBSTRFromString(std::string inputStr) {
	if ("" == inputStr)
		return NULL;
	const wchar_t * pwidstr = utf_8ToUnicode(inputStr.c_str());
	BSTR ret = ::SysAllocString((OLECHAR *) pwidstr);
	delete[] pwidstr;
	return ret;
}

2. BSTR（Unicode、wchar*）转char*

std::string BSTRToUtf_8(BSTR bstr) { //这里可以把BSTR换成wchar*
	if(NULL == bstr)
		return "";
	size_t sSize = 0;
	BSTR bstrr = bstr;
	while (*bstrr++ != 0)
		sSize++;
	if (sSize == 0)
		return NULL;
	char* dBuf = new char[3 * sSize + 1];
	unsigned char* des = (unsigned char*) dBuf;
	memset(des, 0, 3 * sSize + 1);
	while (*bstr != NULL) {
		if (*bstr <= 0x7f) {
			unsigned char* p = (unsigned char*) bstr;
			unsigned char ch2 = *p++;
			unsigned char ch1 = *p++; //high byte
			bstr++;
			*des++ = ch2;
		} else if (*bstr <= 0x7ff) {
			unsigned char* p = (unsigned char*) bstr;
			unsigned char ch2 = *p++; //xxxx xxxx
			unsigned char ch1 = *p++; //0000 0xxx
			unsigned char ch22 = ch2;
			bstr++;
			*des++ = (ch1 << 2 & 0xdf) | ch2 >> 6;
			*des++ = ch22 & 0xbf;
		} else {
			unsigned char* p = (unsigned char*) bstr;
			unsigned char ch2 = *p++;
			unsigned char ch1 = *p++; //high byte
			unsigned char ch11 = ch1;
			unsigned char ch22 = ch2;
			bstr++;
			*des++ = (ch1 >> 4) | 0xe0;
			*des++ = (ch11 << 2 & 0xbc) | 0x80 | ch2 >> 6;
			*des++ = ch22 & 0xbf | 0x80;
		}
	}
	std::string rtStr = dBuf;
	delete [] dBuf;
	return rtStr;
}