自定义View基础

自定义View的基本方法

自定义View的最基本的三个方法分别是： onMeasure()、onLayout()、onDraw(); View在Activity中显示出来，要经 历测量、布局和绘制三个步骤，分别对应三个动作：measure、layout和draw。

测量：onMeasure()决定View的大小；

布局：onLayout()决定View在ViewGroup中的位置；

绘制：onDraw()决定绘制这个View。

自定义控件分类

自定义View: 只需重写onMeasure()和onDraw()

自定义ViewGroup：只需重写onMeasure()和onLayout()

测量：onMeasure()

自定义View，首先要测量宽高尺寸。在xml布局中定义了尺寸，我们的layout_width和layout_height参数可以不用写具体的尺寸，而是wrap_content或者是match_parent。

函数原型：

protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec)

参数widthMeasureSpec和HeightMeasureSpec为 MeasureSpec类型。

MeasureSpec介绍

MeasureSpec源码：

public static class MeasureSpec {
    private static final int MODE_SHIFT = 30;
    private static final int MODE_MASK  = 0x3 << MODE_SHIFT;

    /** @hide */
    @IntDef({UNSPECIFIED, EXACTLY, AT_MOST})
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
    public @interface MeasureSpecMode {}

    /**
     * Measure specification mode: The parent has not imposed any constraint
     * on the child. It can be whatever size it wants.
     */
    public static final int UNSPECIFIED = 0 << MODE_SHIFT;

    /**
     * Measure specification mode: The parent has determined an exact size
     * for the child. The child is going to be given those bounds regardless
     * of how big it wants to be.
     */
    public static final int EXACTLY     = 1 << MODE_SHIFT;

    /**
     * Measure specification mode: The child can be as large as it wants up
     * to the specified size.
     */
    public static final int AT_MOST     = 2 << MODE_SHIFT;

    /**
     * Creates a measure specification based on the supplied size and mode.
     *
     * The mode must always be one of the following:
     * <ul>
     *  <li>{@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec#UNSPECIFIED}</li>
     *  <li>{@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec#EXACTLY}</li>
     *  <li>{@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec#AT_MOST}</li>
     * </ul>
     *
     * <p><strong>Note:</strong> On API level 17 and lower, makeMeasureSpec's
     * implementation was such that the order of arguments did not matter
     * and overflow in either value could impact the resulting MeasureSpec.
     * {@link android.widget.RelativeLayout} was affected by this bug.
     * Apps targeting API levels greater than 17 will get the fixed, more strict
     * behavior.</p>
     *
     * @param size the size of the measure specification
     * @param mode the mode of the measure specification
     * @return the measure specification based on size and mode
     */
    public static int makeMeasureSpec(@IntRange(from = 0, to = (1 << MeasureSpec.MODE_SHIFT) - 1) int size,
                                      @MeasureSpecMode int mode) {
        if (sUseBrokenMakeMeasureSpec) {
            return size + mode;
        } else {
            return (size & ~MODE_MASK) | (mode & MODE_MASK);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Like {@link #makeMeasureSpec(int, int)}, but any spec with a mode of UNSPECIFIED
     * will automatically get a size of 0. Older apps expect this.
     *
     * @hide internal use only for compatibility with system widgets and older apps
     */
    public static int makeSafeMeasureSpec(int size, int mode) {
        if (sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec && mode == UNSPECIFIED) {
            return 0;
        }
        return makeMeasureSpec(size, mode);
    }

    /**
     * Extracts the mode from the supplied measure specification.
     *
     * @param measureSpec the measure specification to extract the mode from
     * @return {@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec#UNSPECIFIED},
     *         {@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec#AT_MOST} or
     *         {@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec#EXACTLY}
     */
    @MeasureSpecMode
    public static int getMode(int measureSpec) {
        //noinspection ResourceType
        return (measureSpec & MODE_MASK);
    }

    /**
     * Extracts the size from the supplied measure specification.
     *
     * @param measureSpec the measure specification to extract the size from
     * @return the size in pixels defined in the supplied measure specification
     */
    public static int getSize(int measureSpec) {
        return (measureSpec & ~MODE_MASK);
    }

    static int adjust(int measureSpec, int delta) {
        final int mode = getMode(measureSpec);
        int size = getSize(measureSpec);
        if (mode == UNSPECIFIED) {
            // No need to adjust size for UNSPECIFIED mode.
            return makeMeasureSpec(size, UNSPECIFIED);
        }
        size += delta;
        if (size < 0) {
            Log.e(VIEW_LOG_TAG, "MeasureSpec.adjust: new size would be negative! (" + size +
                    ") spec: " + toString(measureSpec) + " delta: " + delta);
            size = 0;
        }
        return makeMeasureSpec(size, mode);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a String representation of the specified measure
     * specification.
     *
     * @param measureSpec the measure specification to convert to a String
     * @return a String with the following format: "MeasureSpec: MODE SIZE"
     */
    public static String toString(int measureSpec) {
        int mode = getMode(measureSpec);
        int size = getSize(measureSpec);

        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("MeasureSpec: ");

        if (mode == UNSPECIFIED)
            sb.append("UNSPECIFIED ");
        else if (mode == EXACTLY)
            sb.append("EXACTLY ");
        else if (mode == AT_MOST)
            sb.append("AT_MOST ");
        else
            sb.append(mode).append(" ");

        sb.append(size);
        return sb.toString();
    }
}

MeasureSpec解析：

MeasureSpec是View中的内部类，基本都是二进制运算。由于int是32位的，用高两位表示mode，低30位表示size，MODE_SHIFT = 30的作用是移位

MODE_MASK = 0x3 << MODE_SHIFT，其中0x3是十六进制，它的二进制是11，向左移位30，结果是11000.....0000（一共30个0），1与任何数“&运算”均为任何数，0与任何数“&运算”均为0，故它的作用是获取measureSpec的高两位的mode，或者低30位的size（MODE_MASK取返，00111...111）

UNSPECIFIED = 0 << MODE_SHIFT，十进制0的二进制是00，左移30位是00000...000（00+30个0）

EXACTLY = 1 << MODE_SHIFT，十进制1的二进制是01，左移30位是00000...000（01+30个0）

AT_MOST = 2 << MODE_SHIFT，十进制2的二进制是10，左移30位是00000...000（10+30个0）

测量模式	表示意思
UNSPECIFIED	父容器没有对当前View有任何限制，当前View可以任意取尺寸
EXACTLY	当前的尺寸就是当前View应该取的尺寸
AT_MOST	当前尺寸是当前View能取的最大尺寸

普通View的MeasureSpec创建规则标题

ViewGroup类public static int getChildMeasureSpec(int spec, int padding, int childDimension)源码

   /**
     * 目标是将父控件的测量规格和child view的布局参数LayoutParams相结合，得到一个
     * 最可能符合条件的child view的测量规格。
     *
     * @param spec           父控件的测量规格
     * @param padding        父控件里已经占用的大小
     * @param childDimension child view布局LayoutParams里的尺寸
     * @return child view 的测量规格
     */
    public static int getChildMeasureSpec(int spec, int padding, int childDimension) {
        //父控件的测量模式
        int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(spec);
        //父控件的测量大小
        int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(spec);
        int size = Math.max(0, specSize - padding);
        int resultSize = 0;
        int resultMode = 0;
        switch (specMode) {
            // 当父控件的测量模式 是 精确模式，也就是有精确的尺寸了
            case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
                //如果child的布局参数有固定值，比如"layout_width" = "100dp"
                //那么显然child的测量规格也可以确定下来了，测量大小就是100dp，测量模式也是EXACTLY
                if (childDimension >= 0) {
                    resultSize = childDimension;
                    resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
                }
                //如果child的布局参数是"match_parent"，也就是想要占满父控件
                //而此时父控件是精确模式，也就是能确定自己的尺寸了，那child也能确定自己大小了
                else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                    resultSize = size;
                    resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
                }
                //如果child的布局参数是"wrap_content"，也就是想要根据自己的逻辑决定自己大小，
                //比如TextView根据设置的字符串大小来决定自己的大小
                //那就自己决定呗，不过你的大小肯定不能大于父控件的大小嘛
                //所以测量模式就是AT_MOST，测量大小就是父控件的size
                else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
                    resultSize = size;
                    resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
                }
                break;
            // 当父控件的测量模式 是 最大模式，也就是说父控件自己还不知道自己的尺寸，但是大小不能超过size
            case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
                //同样的，既然child能确定自己大小，尽管父控件自己还不知道自己大小，也优先满足孩子的需求？？
                if (childDimension >= 0) {
                    resultSize = childDimension;
                    resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
                }
                //child想要和父控件一样大，但父控件自己也不确定自己大小，所以child也无法确定自己大小
                //但同样的，child的尺寸上限也是父控件的尺寸上限size
                else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                    resultSize = size;
                    resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
                }
                //child想要根据自己逻辑决定大小，那就自己决定呗
                else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
                    resultSize = size;
                    resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
                }
                break;
            // Parent asked to see how big we want to be
            case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
                if (childDimension >= 0) {
                    // Child wants a specific size... let him have it
                    resultSize = childDimension;
                    resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
                } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                    // Child wants to be our size... find out how big it should
                    // be
                    resultSize = 0;
                    resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
                } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
                    // Child wants to determine its own size.... find out how
                    // big it should be
                    resultSize = 0;
                    resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
                }
                break;

        }
        return MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(resultSize, resultMode);
    }

MeasureSpec方法：
 

int widthMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);
int widthSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);

布局：onLayout()

代码示例：

    @Override
    protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int l, int t, int r, int b) {
        int lineCount = allLines.size();

        int curL = getPaddingLeft();
        int curT = getPaddingTop();

        for (int i = 0; i < lineCount; i++) {
            List<View> lineViews = allLines.get(i);
            int lineHeight = lineHeights.get(i);
            for (int j = 0; j < lineViews.size(); j++) {
                View view = lineViews.get(j);
                int left = curL;
                int top = curT;

                int right = left + view.getMeasuredWidth();
                int bottom = top + view.getMeasuredHeight();

                view.layout(left, top, right, bottom);
                curL = right + mHorizontalSpacing;
            }

            curT = curT + lineHeight + mVerticalSpacing;
            curL = getPaddingLeft();

        }
    }

计算ViewGroup子View的 left 、top、right、bottom坐标，调用View.layout方法在ViewGroup上布局View

View.Layout()函数：public void layout(int l, int t, int r, int b)

boolean changed = isLayoutModeOptical(mParent) ?
        setOpticalFrame(l, t, r, b) : setFrame(l, t, r, b);