Structural Types

// -- if it walks like a duck and talks like a duck, it must be a duck
def f (eater: {def eat(s:String):String}) (food:String) {
  println(eater.eat(food))
}

class Dog {
  def eat (food:String):String = {
    s"Dog eat $food"
  }
}

class Tree {
  def Grow (height:String):String = {
    s"Tree grow $height"
  }
}

scala> val dog = new Dog
dog: Dog = Dog@6e2577eb

scala> f(dog)("bone")
Dog eat bone

scala> val tree = new Tree
tree: Tree = Tree@42acae32

scala> f(tree)("10cm")
<console>:16: error: type mismatch;
 found   : tree.type (with underlying type Tree)
 required: AnyRef{def eat(s: String): String}
       f(tree)("10cm")
         ^