WCF技术内幕 第6章(1)

通道用于发送和接收消息。通道负责传输工作和WS-×协议的实现，安全及事务处理。

6.1 正确认识通道

没有一个具体的，万能的通道类型。WCF类型系统包含许多通道类型的定义，并且每个通道类型的定义都有特定的目的。WCF类型系统也包含许多通道类型，它们是可靠性、事务处理和安全等高级特性的物理实现方式。

通道是由通道工厂创建的。

6.2 通道状态机

System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject接口

#region Assembly System.ServiceModel.dll, v4.0.30319
// C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework\.NETFramework\v4.0\Profile\Client\System.ServiceModel.dll
#endregion

using System;

namespace System.ServiceModel
{
    // Summary:
    //     Defines the contract for the basic state machine for all communication-oriented
    //     objects in the system, including channels, the channel managers, factories,
    //     listeners, and dispatchers, and service hosts.
    public interface ICommunicationObject
    {
        // Summary:
        //     Gets the current state of the communication-oriented object.
        //
        // Returns:
        //     The value of the System.ServiceModel.CommunicationState of the object.
        CommunicationState State { get; }

        // Summary:
        //     Occurs when the communication object completes its transition from the closing
        //     state into the closed state.
        event EventHandler Closed;
        //
        // Summary:
        //     Occurs when the communication object first enters the closing state.
        event EventHandler Closing;
        //
        // Summary:
        //     Occurs when the communication object first enters the faulted state.
        event EventHandler Faulted;
        //
        // Summary:
        //     Occurs when the communication object completes its transition from the opening
        //     state into the opened state.
        event EventHandler Opened;
        //
        // Summary:
        //     Occurs when the communication object first enters the opening state.
        event EventHandler Opening;

        // Summary:
        //     Causes a communication object to transition immediately from its current
        //     state into the closed state.
        void Abort();
        //
        // Summary:
        //     Begins an asynchronous operation to close a communication object.
        //
        // Parameters:
        //   callback:
        //     The System.AsyncCallback delegate that receives notification of the completion
        //     of the asynchronous close operation.
        //
        //   state:
        //     An object, specified by the application, that contains state information
        //     associated with the asynchronous close operation.
        //
        // Returns:
        //     The System.IAsyncResult that references the asynchronous close operation.
        //
        // Exceptions:
        //   System.ServiceModel.CommunicationObjectFaultedException:
        //     System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject.BeginClose() was called on an object
        //     in the System.ServiceModel.CommunicationState.Faulted state.
        //
        //   System.TimeoutException:
        //     The default timeout elapsed before the System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject
        //     was able to close gracefully.
        IAsyncResult BeginClose(AsyncCallback callback, object state);
        //
        // Summary:
        //     Begins an asynchronous operation to close a communication object with a specified
        //     timeout.
        //
        // Parameters:
        //   timeout:
        //     The System.Timespan that specifies how long the send operation has to complete
        //     before timing out.
        //
        //   callback:
        //     The System.AsyncCallback delegate that receives notification of the completion
        //     of the asynchronous close operation.
        //
        //   state:
        //     An object, specified by the application, that contains state information
        //     associated with the asynchronous close operation.
        //
        // Returns:
        //     The System.IAsyncResult that references the asynchronous close operation.
        //
        // Exceptions:
        //   System.ServiceModel.CommunicationObjectFaultedException:
        //     System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject.BeginClose() was called on an object
        //     in the System.ServiceModel.CommunicationState.Faulted state.
        //
        //   System.TimeoutException:
        //     The specified timeout elapsed before the System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject
        //     was able to close gracefully.
        IAsyncResult BeginClose(TimeSpan timeout, AsyncCallback callback, object state);
        //
        // Summary:
        //     Begins an asynchronous operation to open a communication object.
        //
        // Parameters:
        //   callback:
        //     The System.AsyncCallback delegate that receives notification of the completion
        //     of the asynchronous open operation.
        //
        //   state:
        //     An object, specified by the application, that contains state information
        //     associated with the asynchronous open operation.
        //
        // Returns:
        //     The System.IAsyncResult that references the asynchronous open operation.
        //
        // Exceptions:
        //   System.ServiceModel.CommunicationException:
        //     The System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject was unable to be opened and
        //     has entered the System.ServiceModel.CommunicationState.Faulted state.
        //
        //   System.TimeoutException:
        //     The default open timeout elapsed before the System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject
        //     was able to enter the System.ServiceModel.CommunicationState.Opened state
        //     and has entered the System.ServiceModel.CommunicationState.Faulted state.
        IAsyncResult BeginOpen(AsyncCallback callback, object state);
        //
        // Summary:
        //     Begins an asynchronous operation to open a communication object within a
        //     specified interval of time.
        //
        // Parameters:
        //   timeout:
        //     The System.Timespan that specifies how long the send operation has to complete
        //     before timing out.
        //
        //   callback:
        //     The System.AsyncCallback delegate that receives notification of the completion
        //     of the asynchronous open operation.
        //
        //   state:
        //     An object, specified by the application, that contains state information
        //     associated with the asynchronous open operation.
        //
        // Returns:
        //     The System.IAsyncResult that references the asynchronous open operation.
        //
        // Exceptions:
        //   System.ServiceModel.CommunicationException:
        //     The System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject was unable to be opened and
        //     has entered the System.ServiceModel.CommunicationState.Faulted state.
        //
        //   System.TimeoutException:
        //     The specified timeout elapsed before the System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject
        //     was able to enter the System.ServiceModel.CommunicationState.Opened state
        //     and has entered the System.ServiceModel.CommunicationState.Faulted state.
        IAsyncResult BeginOpen(TimeSpan timeout, AsyncCallback callback, object state);
        //
        // Summary:
        //     Causes a communication object to transition from its current state into the
        //     closed state.
        //
        // Exceptions:
        //   System.ServiceModel.CommunicationObjectFaultedException:
        //     System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject.Close() was called on an object
        //     in the System.ServiceModel.CommunicationState.Faulted state.
        //
        //   System.TimeoutException:
        //     The default close timeout elapsed before the System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject
        //     was able to close gracefully.
        void Close();
        //
        // Summary:
        //     Causes a communication object to transition from its current state into the
        //     closed state.
        //
        // Parameters:
        //   timeout:
        //     The System.Timespan that specifies how long the send operation has to complete
        //     before timing out.
        //
        // Exceptions:
        //   System.ServiceModel.CommunicationObjectFaultedException:
        //     System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject.Close() was called on an object
        //     in the System.ServiceModel.CommunicationState.Faulted state.
        //
        //   System.TimeoutException:
        //     The timeout elapsed before the System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject was
        //     able to close gracefully.
        void Close(TimeSpan timeout);
        //
        // Summary:
        //     Completes an asynchronous operation to close a communication object.
        //
        // Parameters:
        //   result:
        //     The System.IAsyncResult that is returned by a call to the System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject.BeginClose()
        //     method.
        //
        // Exceptions:
        //   System.ServiceModel.CommunicationObjectFaultedException:
        //     System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject.BeginClose() was called on an object
        //     in the System.ServiceModel.CommunicationState.Faulted state.
        //
        //   System.TimeoutException:
        //     The timeout elapsed before the System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject was
        //     able to close gracefully.
        void EndClose(IAsyncResult result);
        //
        // Summary:
        //     Completes an asynchronous operation to open a communication object.
        //
        // Parameters:
        //   result:
        //     The System.IAsyncResult that is returned by a call to the System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject.BeginOpen()
        //     method.
        //
        // Exceptions:
        //   System.ServiceModel.CommunicationException:
        //     The System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject was unable to be opened and
        //     has entered the System.ServiceModel.CommunicationState.Faulted state.
        //
        //   System.TimeoutException:
        //     The timeout elapsed before the System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject was
        //     able to enter the System.ServiceModel.CommunicationState.Opened state and
        //     has entered the System.ServiceModel.CommunicationState.Faulted state.
        void EndOpen(IAsyncResult result);
        //
        // Summary:
        //     Causes a communication object to transition from the created state into the
        //     opened state.
        //
        // Exceptions:
        //   System.ServiceModel.CommunicationException:
        //     The System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject was unable to be opened and
        //     has entered the System.ServiceModel.CommunicationState.Faulted state.
        //
        //   System.TimeoutException:
        //     The default open timeout elapsed before the System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject
        //     was able to enter the System.ServiceModel.CommunicationState.Opened state
        //     and has entered the System.ServiceModel.CommunicationState.Faulted state.
        void Open();
        //
        // Summary:
        //     Causes a communication object to transition from the created state into the
        //     opened state within a specified interval of time.
        //
        // Parameters:
        //   timeout:
        //     The System.Timespan that specifies how long the send operation has to complete
        //     before timing out.
        //
        // Exceptions:
        //   System.ServiceModel.CommunicationException:
        //     The System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject was unable to be opened and
        //     has entered the System.ServiceModel.CommunicationState.Faulted state.
        //
        //   System.TimeoutException:
        //     The specified timeout elapsed before the System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject
        //     was able to enter the System.ServiceModel.CommunicationState.Opened state
        //     and has entered the System.ServiceModel.CommunicationState.Faulted state.
        void Open(TimeSpan timeout);
    }
}

CommunicationState类型

#region Assembly System.ServiceModel.dll, v4.0.30319
// C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework\.NETFramework\v4.0\Profile\Client\System.ServiceModel.dll
#endregion

using System;

namespace System.ServiceModel
{
    // Summary:
    //     Defines the states in which an System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject can
    //     exist.
    public enum CommunicationState
    {
        // Summary:
        //     Indicates that the communication object has been instantiated and is configurable,
        //     but not yet open or ready for use.
        Created = 0,
        //
        // Summary:
        //     Indicates that the communication object is being transitioned from the System.ServiceModel.CommunicationState.Created
        //     state to the System.ServiceModel.CommunicationState.Opened state.
        Opening = 1,
        //
        // Summary:
        //     Indicates that the communication object is now open and ready to be used.
        Opened = 2,
        //
        // Summary:
        //     Indicates that the communication object is transitioning to the System.ServiceModel.CommunicationState.Closed
        //     state.
        Closing = 3,
        //
        // Summary:
        //     Indicates that the communication object has been closed and is no longer
        //     usable.
        Closed = 4,
        //
        // Summary:
        //     Indicates that the communication object has encountered an error or fault
        //     from which it cannot recover and from which it is no longer usable.
        Faulted = 5,
    }
}

CommunicationObject类型是所有通道的基类型，其保证通道或通道工厂的一致状态转换。

不同状态的转换过程